How Chronic Stress Rewires Your Brain and What to Do About It
Stress responses are the body’s finely tuned, intelligent ways of facing and overcoming difficulties. But chronic stress is harmful to both mental and physical health.
We all know that stress is a natural part of life. Maybe it’s the pressure of a looming diagnosis, unexpected bills, incoming natural disaster, or just trying to keep your energy up and prevent burnout.
Either way, it can feel overwhelming to figure out what works for you when life seems to keep changing around you. The most recent Stress in America survey shows that 33% of U.S. adults live with extreme stress while 73% report its negative impact on their mental health.
When stress becomes chronic, it can feel like you’re constantly treading water—draining you physically, mentally, and emotionally. Data in the survey indicate that 67% of adults tend to downplay the severity of stress in their lives, but it can take a serious toll on your brain health, mental well-being and your overall quality of life.
The good news is, there are effective, simple, and natural lifestyle strategies to help you calm stress, boost mental clarity, and protect long-term health.
Essentially, stress is the body’s natural response that is triggered when you’re facing challenges in life. When you feel stressed, your body releases a hormone called cortisol, which helps you react quickly and effectively in times of distress. This response can actually be beneficial in short bursts.
However, if stress and anxiety persist for too long, it can become chronic, leading to serious health issues. Consistently elevated cortisol levels can negatively affect various body systems including:
Think of stress as a double-edged sword. In small amounts, it can motivate you to complete a project or tackle a tough workout.
However, chronic stress leads to problems like digestive issues and heart disease. Left unchecked, stress becomes a long-term issue, diminishes brain health, and leaves you feeling mentally and physically exhausted.
Chronic stress can manifest in a variety of different ways, depending on your personal health. A 2021 research review shows that chronic stress and excessive cortisol levels severely impact mental, physical, and cognitive health.
Knowing the symptoms can help you recognize when it’s time to take action.
Now that you understand how chronic stress can impact your life, let’s explore some natural stress-reduction strategies to manage it.
Sleep is crucial for brain health and stress management. Studies show that people with sleep disorders like insomnia tend to have lower levels of melatonin, which plays a role in stress reduction.
Make sleep a main priority by establishing a bedtime routine that promotes restful, uninterrupted slumber. Aim for seven to nine hours of deep sleep to allow your brain and body to recover.
There’s evidence that eating a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and low in saturated fats—like the Mediterranean diet—can reduce stress-related mental health conditions and obesity.
Focus on consuming whole foods like leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and lean proteins to fuel your body and brain with the nutrients they need to stay balanced.
It’s easy to forget the basics, like drinking enough water, but dehydration can exacerbate stress. For your brain to function optimally, drink electrolyte-rich fluids to replenish minerals lost through physical activity or stress.
You can track your magnesium, potassium, calcium, sodium, and other trace mineral intake by knowing your health numbers. Keep mineral water handy and consider fresh coconut water for a natural energy boost.
Whether you prefer yoga, hiking, weightlifting, or just walking, exercise is a proven stress buster. Focus on finding an activity that works for you.
Research shows that regular physical activity improves mood by lowering cortisol and adrenaline hormone levels, reducing stress and anxiety. Personalize your fitness routine to include activities you enjoy and can commit to long-term.
Deep breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation are simple yet powerful tools to combat stress. When practiced regularly, deep breathing slows your heart rate and encourages a sense of calm.
Try techniques like box breathing or guided relaxation to bring your stress levels down quickly. Any consistent calming practice can have beneficial results for preventing stress-related illnesses.
Did you know excessive caffeine intake has been linked to smaller brain volume and increased risk of dementia? Alcohol can also exacerbate stress and disrupt your sleep.
Consider replacing these with alternative drinks like mushroom coffee and herbal teas, which can have a calming and more gentle effect on the digestive and nervous system.
Creativity can be an incredibly powerful stress reliever. Whether it’s journaling, painting, or playing music, creative outlets provide a sense of control and accomplishment.
Research suggests that engaging in activities—like art, music, painting, and other creative therapies—significantly reduces stress and improves mood. Even spending time with animals can help ease stress and anxiety, as well as depression symptoms.
Sometimes, all you need to start feeling calmer is a listening ear. Talk therapy, whether with a trusted friend, family member, or a healthcare professional, can help you work through stressors.
Studies show that social connectedness offers protection against anxiety and depression by helping you open up about your struggles to lighten the emotional load.
Natural supplements can support your brain health without causing excessive stress on the body because you’re giving it what it needs to function better.
GABA, saffron, magnesium, and L-theanine (green tea) are just some natural ingredients that help regulate your stress response and calm your brain.
Certain essential oils are known for their ability to reduce stress and promote relaxation. Lavender, chamomile, and bergamot are popular choices for calming the nervous system and lowering cortisol levels.
Try diffusing them in your home or use a few drops in a warm bath or shower steam to unwind.
Stressful situations may be an inevitable part of life, but they don’t have to control you. When you prioritize these lifestyle changes, you can regain control over your stress levels and protect your cognitive health, daily mood, and physical wellness.
If these natural stress relievers don’t calm your brain and body, consider seeking help from a mental health professional. You may benefit from additional science-backed therapies and techniques for coping with stress. When you learn to manage stress, it can help you enjoy a healthier, happier, and longer life.
Bethune, S. (2023, November). Stress in America 2023: A nation recovering from collective trauma. American Psychological Association. www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2023/collective-trauma-recovery
American Psychological Association. (2023, March 8). Stress effects on the body. www.apa.org/topics/stress/body
Dziurkowska, E. (2021). Cortisol as a biomarker of mental disorder severity. Journal of Clinical Medicine. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584322
Monteleone P, Fuschino A, Nolfe G, Maj M. Temporal relationship between melatonin and cortisol responses to nighttime physical stress in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1992;17(1):81-6. doi: 10.1016/0306-4530(92)90078-l. PMID: 1609019
Bremner JD, Moazzami K, Wittbrodt MT, Nye JA, Lima BB, Gillespie CF, Rapaport MH, Pearce BD, Shah AJ, Vaccarino V. Diet, Stress and Mental Health. Nutrients. 2020 Aug 13;12(8):2428. doi: 10.3390/nu12082428. PMID: 32823562; PMCID: PMC7468813.
Harvard Health Publishing. (2020, July 7). Exercising to relax. Harvard Health. www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/exercising-to-relax
Muhammad Khir S, Wan Mohd Yunus WMA, Mahmud N, Wang R, Panatik SA, Mohd Sukor MS, Nordin NA. Efficacy of Progressive Muscle Relaxation in Adults for Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: A Systematic Review. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2024;17:345-365. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S437277
Pham, K., Mulugeta, A., Zhou, A., O’Brien, J. T., Llewellyn, D. J., & Hyppönen, E. (2021). High coffee consumption, brain volume and risk of dementia and stroke. Nutritional Neuroscience, 25(10), 2111–2122. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2021.1945858
Alwledat K, Al-Amer R, Ali AM, Abuzied Y, Adnan Khudeir F, Alzahrani NS, Alshammari SR, AlBashtawy M, Thananayagam T, Dehghan M. Creative Art Therapy for Improving Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Patients with Stroke: A Quasi-Interventional Study. SAGE Open Nurs. 2023 Mar 5;9:23779608231160473. doi: 10.1177/23779608231160473. PMID: 36895711; PMCID: PMC9989432.
Wickramaratne PJ, Yangchen T, Lepow L, Patra BG, Glicksburg B, et al. (2022) Social connectedness as a determinant of mental health: A scoping review. PLOS ONE 17(10): e0275004. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275004
Wakui, N., Togawa, C., Ichikawa, K., Matsuoka, R., Watanabe, M., Okami, A., Shirozu, S., Yamamura, M., & Machida, Y. (2023). Relieving psychological stress and improving sleep quality by bergamot essential oil use before bedtime and upon awakening: A randomized crossover trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 76, 102976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102976
Stress responses are the body’s finely tuned, intelligent ways of facing and overcoming difficulties. But chronic stress is harmful to both mental and physical health.
The psychiatrists at Amen Clinics routinely recommend a goal-setting tool called the One Page Miracle. This simple yet powerful tool makes a dramatic difference in the lives of those who practice it.
Our podcast is back! Keep your brain healthy by listening to Change Your Brain Every Day, hosted by Daniel Amen, MD & Tana Amen! Tune In