ARCHIVE

When Australian actor Chris Hemsworth announced late last year that he would be stepping back from films to concentrate on his health after genetic testing revealed he was at increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease, it sparked an important conversation. It gave pause to many people—especially those with a family history of severe memory issues, Alzheimer’s disease, or another type of dementia—to consider testing for the same Alzheimer’s gene. Alzheimer’s disease is a devastating brain disorder. It slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, over time, the ability to carry out even the most basic tasks. For most people who develop the disease, late-onset symptoms first appear in their mid-60s. With just one Apo E4 gene, the odds of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s are 25% in comparison to a 5-10% risk for people who do not have the gene.
Click to tweet
If you are concerned about developing memory issues yourself, here’s what you need to know about genetic testing for Alzheimer’s.

ABOUT THE “ALZHEIMER’S GENE”

The Alzheimer’s gene generally refers to a variant of the apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene, which is the number-one genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. The Apo E gene provides instructions for making apolipoprotein E which serves as a lipid/cholesterol carrier. Lipids are the basic component of cell membranes and play a vital role in healthy brain function. Problems with lipid homeostasis are thought to play a role in Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders, research in a 2020 issue of Lipids and Alzheimer’s Disease suggests. There are three common forms/variants of the Apo E gene: E2, E3, and E4. You, of course, get one Apo E gene from each parent. Combinations of E3 and E2 genes are not concerning. However, if you have one E4 gene, your risk of Alzheimer’s increases by 2-and-a-half times. If you have two, your risk increases by 5 to 15 times, research has found. If you develop Alzheimer’s from other causes, having the Apo E4 gene causes symptoms to appear 2 to 5 years earlier than in people who do not have the gene.

HOW PREVALENT IS THE APO E4 GENE?

About 25% of people carry at least one E4 gene, and about 2 to 3% carry two, according to data from the National Institutes of Health. With just one Apo E4 gene, the odds of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s are 25% in comparison to a 5-10% risk for people who do not have the gene. While that’s a significant increase, it is important to note that inheriting Alzheimer’s Apo E4 gene does not mean you will absolutely develop the disease; a full 75% of those who test positive never do. In fact, even in cases when a person has one Apo E4 gene and develops dementia, there’s a possibility that the symptoms are something other than Alzheimer’s. However, if there are two Apo E4 genes present in someone exhibiting dementia, Alzheimer’s is very likely the root cause.

WHY TEST FOR THE ALZHEIMER’S GENE?

Some people with familial memory issues know that they are at increased risk for Alzheimer’s and may not see the value of genetic testing. Others simply do not want to know because they feel powerless to do anything about it. Here are some important facts if you are considering testing.

Motivation

If you discover that you are at increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease due to your genes, you will be highly motivated to make a more concerted effort to reduce all the other risk factors with your lifestyle choices.

Epigenetics

Most people overlook the power of epigenetics as it is still an emerging field. While we can’t change what genes we inherit, the field of epigenetics shows us that we have a lot of power to influence them—and this is true for people who test positive for the Apo E4 gene. Epigenetic means “above or on top of the gene.” It is only in recent decades that scientists have found that your lifestyle habits, emotions, and environment can activate genes or turn them off —making certain diseases more or less likely in you, and in future generations that inherit your genes. In other words, environmental influences—such as the foods you regularly consume (particularly when pregnant), stress, exposure to toxic chemicals, and so on—influence the genes you pass on to your children, grandchildren, and beyond. Some research in Epigenomics suggests that epigenetics may play a key role in understanding different forms of dementia and other mental health and degenerative disorders. For instance, research in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggests that nutrition may be epigenetically influential in the development of forms of dementia like Alzheimer’s.

Empowers You With Information

Knowing you have the Apo E4 gene can help you to make critical decisions about your own health—or possibly your children’s if you choose to get them screened. For example, having one or two copies of the gene makes it more likely that you will experience vascular problems, research in Neurology has indicated. Studies also show that the Apo E4 gene is associated with lower overall cerebral blood flow. Thus, taking care of your vascular health is critical for your brain if you test positive for the Apo E4 gene! Additionally, some research indicates that if you have the Apo E4 gene and undergo chemotherapy, it increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease even more, and studies show a similar increase for those who have the E4 gene and suffer head injuries. Parents may want to screen their kids who play high-contact sports. Ongoing research on Apo E4 also reveals lifestyle actions you can take to reduce your risk of Alzheimer’s as well. For example, recent study findings provide preliminary support for testing choline supplementation to help reverse detrimental alterations in the lipid metabolism of brain cells that can occur in those who carry the E4 gene. An in-depth 2021 nutrition study found certain diets, foods, and nutrient recommendations for Apo E4 carriers to reduce Alzheimer’s risk (as part of a risk-reducing lifestyle that includes restful sleep, exercise, low stress, and social connection). Among them, the study recommended limiting alcohol consumption, choosing a low-glycemic index/low-carbohydrate diet, and including certain beneficial foods such as olive oil, cruciferous vegetables, and fatty fish. Two earlier studies conducted by researchers in Finland and Sweden found that exercising at least twice a week in midlife lowers the risk of dementia more than 20 years later – and this protective influence is stronger in people who have the Apo E4 gene.

GETTING SCREENED FOR THE ALZHEIMER’S GENE

Especially for people with a family history of memory problems, dementia, or Alzheimer’s, early screening (around age 40) with cognitive tests and questionnaires, and possibly the addition of brain SPECT imaging is important. Any doctor can order an Apo E gene status blood test. That said, genetic testing is not to be taken lightly and should be discussed with your healthcare provider. A 2018 study in Genetics in Medicine showed that finding out you have the APOE4 gene can cause psychological distress, including feelings of fear, anxiousness, or anger. If you choose to get tested, be aware that you may have a strong emotional reaction. However, understand that in this same study, participants reported that ultimately, knowing about their increased risk motivated them to make lifestyle changes that had a beneficial impact on their lives in the long term. Memory problems, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here.   If you’re worried about losing your memory—whether you’re already becoming more forgetful or you’re concerned about the future—the terms Alzheimer’s disease and dementia are probably on your radar. Like many people, you may think they are interchangeable, but Alzheimer’s disease and dementia are not the same. Do you know the difference? Here are 10 things you need to know about Alzheimer’s and dementia.   Like many people, you may think Alzheimer’s disease and dementia are interchangeable, but they are not the same. Do you know the difference?
Click to tweet

10 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND DEMENTIA

1. Dementia is a syndrome, not a disorder.

This general term encompasses a range of symptoms related to cognitive impairment, including memory loss and problems with thinking skills or reasoning. When a person’s symptoms become severe enough to interfere with daily living, they are said to have dementia.

2. Alzheimer’s is a form of dementia.

Alzheimer’s is the most common type of dementia, accounting for 60% to 80% of all cases. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that impairs memory and cognitive function, leads to personality changes, and impacts moods. Research suggests that a buildup of beta-amyloid plaques between brain cells and abnormal tangles of tau protein inside brain cells play a role in the disease.

3. There are many causes of dementia.

In addition to Alzheimer’s, there are many other types of dementia, including but not limited to:

4. Memory loss is not a normal part of the aging process.

Many people, including physicians, mistakenly think that memory loss and cognitive decline are normal as a person gets older. This is not true!

5. Dementia and Alzheimer’s cases are rising.

An estimated 57.4 million people worldwide were living with dementia in 2019, and that number is predicted to jump to 152.8 million by 2050, according to an analysis published in 2022 in The Lancet. By contrast, approximately 6.5 million Americans ages 65 and older are currently living with Alzheimer’s disease. By 2050, that number is expected to hit 12.7 million.

6. Alzheimer’s is more common in women.

Nearly two-thirds of the 6.5 million Americans living with Alzheimer’s disease are female. Experts point to the fact that women live longer than men as a primary reason for this, considering that older age is the main risk factor for the disease. One study based on data from the Framingham Heart Study suggests that men may appear to have a lower risk for dementia due to what scientists call a “survival bias.” This means that men who lived to age 65 and beyond were more likely to be those with better cardiovascular health, which is associated with a lower risk for Alzheimer’s.

7. Dementias affect the brain differently.

The various dementias are generally associated with areas of low blood flow in the brain that can be seen on SPECT scans. Alzheimer’s disease typically affects the temporal lobes (memory, learning, and emotional regulation), parietal lobes (sensory processing and orientation to time and place), and posterior cingulate (involved in cognition and mood). Vascular dementia is caused by blood vessel changes—often from one or more strokes—that can occur throughout the brain. Lewy Body dementia often begins with damage to the occipital lobe (involved with vision processing), situated at the back of the brain. Frontotemporal dementia impacts the frontal lobes (involved in planning, judgment, and impulse control) and the temporal lobes.

8. Preventing Alzheimer’s and other dementias depends on your personal risk factors.

There are several modifiable risk factors that can reduce the risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s. Amen Clinics uses the acronym BRIGHT MINDS to help people remember 11 major risk factors for memory loss and what to do to decrease your risk.

9. Treatments need to be targeted to the causes.

For anyone struggling with memory loss or cognitive decline, it’s important to understand the underlying causes. Addressing root causes with targeted treatments can be the most effective way to improve memory and cognitive function.

10. Brain imaging can help differentiate root causes.

Brain SPECT imaging can help identify if a person’s cognitive changes are not due to Alzheimer’s or other dementias but rather caused by potentially reversible issues such as infections, exposure to toxins, head trauma, or depression (as in the case of pseudodementia which mimics the symptoms of dementia). The brain imaging work at Amen Clinics shows that when people struggling with cognitive decline or memory loss follow a brain-healthy memory rescue program to minimize their risk factors, it can improve memory and cognitive function. It is never too late—or too early—to start taking better care of your brain. Memory loss, cognitive decline, mood changes, and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here.   Electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT for short, is a medical procedure performed under anesthesia that involves electrical stimulation of the brain to induce brief, controlled seizures. It is most commonly performed on people suffering from severe mental health disorders that have not responded to treatment or that require rapid results. Although research has found that ECT can be effective, there are significant downsides, including memory loss.   Performed on people suffering from severe mental health disorders that have not responded to treatment or require rapid results, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can be effective, but there are significant downsides, including memory loss.
Click to tweet

WHAT IS ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY?

ECT is a procedure that dates back to 1938 when Italian neurologists Ugo Cerletti and Lucino Bini first intentionally delivered electric shocks to patients to induce seizures. In the early days of the procedure, physicians used high doses without any anesthesia, contributing to serious side effects and a stigma that remains today. Current ECT procedures involve lower, targeted doses and are performed with anesthesia and muscle relaxants. It can be an effective technique for certain severe psychiatric disorders, but it continues to be associated with a number of aftereffects, including memory loss, confusion, problems with new learning, headaches, and muscle aches.

WHICH MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS MAY BE TREATED WITH ECT?

ECT is used to treat severe cases of certain psychiatric issues that have not responded to standard treatments, such as medications and psychotherapy. It may also be used in cases when rapid results are of the essence. A 2021 review of 7 randomized controlled trials on the use of ECT for acute mania found high rates of improvement. Despite this, the procedure is rarely used for mania, accounting for only 0.2%-12% of ECT use globally. ECT is typically considered only when pharmacotherapy has failed. However, it’s important to note that ECT for mania is considered an “off-label” use in the U.S.

WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF ECT?

Although ECT is generally considered safe, it is associated with a variety of risks and side effects that have contributed to the limited utilization of the procedure. Another factor that may play a role in memory issues following ECT is the fact that it is performed under anesthesia, which is associated with post-operative cognitive dysfunction.

WHAT TO KNOW BEFORE CONSIDERING ECT

Most people only consider ECT when other standard treatment options have failed. What many of these individuals don’t realize, however, is that there are a host of additional ways to treat depression and other psychiatric issues that are not typically offered through traditional psychiatry or medical fields. As mentioned earlier, brain SPECT imaging has helped Amen Clinics identify 7 types of depression and anxiety, and it can increase understanding of the causes of mood disorders and other mental health issues. Knowing more about your brain and the underlying root causes of your mental health problems can be a key to finding solutions that don’t involve a medical procedure with significant side effects. Depression, suicidal ideation, and mania related to bipolar disorder and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here. Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most feared and devastating illnesses we face. The prospect of forgetting our most cherished memories—wedding days, the birth of our children, the faces of our loved ones—is terrifying. So many people believe there is nothing that can be done to avoid this dreaded form of dementia. But what if there was an early detection system that could warn you of potential memory problems decades before you started noticing any symptoms? Such a system already exists—functional brain SPECT imaging. In 2021, the Canadian Association of Nuclear Medicine unanimously endorsed the use of SPECT for the assessment of suspected dementias, including Alzheimer’s disease, frontal temporal lobe dementia, vascular dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. What if there was an early detection system that could warn you of potential memory problems decades before you started noticing any symptoms? Such a system already exists—functional brain SPECT imaging.
Click to tweet

WHAT IS ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE?

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that impacts a person’s memory and cognitive abilities and interferes with daily living. Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia, an umbrella term for a variety of degenerative brain diseases that impact cognition and memory. Over 6 million Americans over the age of 65 are living with Alzheimer’s disease. By 2050, an estimated 12.7 million seniors over 65 are expected to have Alzheimer’s. Tens of millions more will experience other forms of dementia, and research shows that 75% percent of older adults say they have memory problems. Sadly, the search for a cure in pill form has proved unsuccessful as over 200 medication trials have failed to reverse Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia.  Given the complexity of the illness and how early it starts in the brain, we are likely never going to have a single medicine that cures these illnesses. If you are fortunate enough to live until age 85 you have a frightening 50% chance of being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or another form of dementia. And these illnesses start ravaging the brain years before you have any symptoms.

THE OLD WAY OF DIAGNOSING ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

The typical way people get diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias is woefully inadequate. It usually involves a brief visit to a primary care physician or local neurologist, who asks a few questions, gives some short tests, orders an MRI (which looks at the structure of the brain), and says, “Everyone has memory problems with age. You’re normal.” At this stage, people are often diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early Alzheimer’s. People may be encouraged to get advanced health directives, power of attorney documents, and financial affairs in order. A memory medication called Aricept, which has short-term benefits but loses its effectiveness after 18 months, is commonly prescribed. A follow-up appointment may be recommended in six months. In 80-90% of the people who visit Amen Clinics after going through the traditional medical system for memory problems, that is the extent of the evaluation. It’s completely ineffective, heartbreaking, and unconscionable given what we know now.

BRAIN IMAGING AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Brain imaging is used regularly in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s, and based on brain imaging data, the National Institute on Aging (NIA) revised its staging guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease in 2011. The old guidelines had 3 stages:
  1. Normal: no symptoms
  2. Mild cognitive impairment: people or relatives have started to notice a problem
  3. Alzheimer’s disease: a significant problem is present and getting worse.
Based on new brain imaging data, the NIA added a fourth stage.
  1. Normal
  2. Preclinical: no obvious symptoms, but negative changes can be seen on brain scan
  3. Mild cognitive impairment
  4. Alzheimer’s disease
The “preclinical” stage indicates that although you may not have any noticeable symptoms, your brain may already be deteriorating. Brain imaging can help detect early changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer’s disease. There are several ways to look at your brain if you are concerned about your memory. Structural brain imaging studies: Most physicians will order an imaging study, such as an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (computerized axial tomography) scan, that looks at the structural integrity of the brain. Most of these studies come back as normal, or as “mild atrophy (shrinkage) consistent with aging,” which is not very helpful. These types of scans can help rule out other possible causes of Alzheimer’s-like symptoms, such as a brain tumor or stroke. They also show brain changes that occur later in the course of the illness when interventions tend to be less effective. Functional brain imaging studies: Some neuroimaging studies—including SPECT (single-photon emission computerized tomography), PET (positron emission tomography), or QEEG (quantitative electroencephalogram)—look at how the brain is working. They are more useful because functional problems almost always precede structural ones. Functional studies are leading indicators of problems, meaning they show evidence of the disease process years before people show signs of it. Note that due to cost, PET scans are not commonly used. SPECT looks at blood flow and activity patterns and reveals areas of the brain with healthy activity, underactivity, or overactivity. On SPECT, low blood flow is the number-one predictive sign of future trouble and Alzheimer’s disease. Unlike MRI and CT, SPECT typically shows problems earlier before symptoms occur, which is when treatment is most likely to be helpful.

HOW BRAIN SCANS IMPROVE ALZHEIMER’S TREATMENT

Early detection in any chronic or progressive disease allows for early intervention when it is likely to be most beneficial. Considering that emerging research shows that Alzheimer’s is a lifestyle disease, similar to diabetes or heart disease, early detection with brain imaging can be life-changing. If Alzheimer’s-like changes are seen on brain scans, taking action by adopting healthier habits as soon as possible may delay or prevent the development of the disease. In some people, slowing the progress may mean completely avoiding the onset of symptoms. If you want to prevent memory problems or rescue your brain if it is headed for trouble, take charge of your brain health now by incorporating 11 proven ways to reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. If you’re already experiencing memory loss or other cognitive problems, consider a comprehensive Memory Rescue Program to find targeted solutions for your needs. Memory problems and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here. Over the past few years, an increasing number of people—from everyday citizens to athletes and celebrities—have fearlessly disclosed information about the status of their mental health. Going public in this way has contributed to destigmatizing common issues like anxiety and depression and has encouraged many people who need help to reach out for it. So why, then, do the majority of senior citizens with mental health issues continue to suffer in silence and fail to seek the treatment they need? Interestingly, the medical journal, International Psychogeriatrics, published a study that investigated the various barriers older adults faced in getting the help they need. The researchers found that one of the key beliefs held by the participants (aged 60-79) was that feeling depressed and anxious during their golden years was normal. It turns out this assumption is widely held by many people in the older generations. Many older people believe that it’s normal to feel anxious or depressed during their golden years, but in reality, mental health issues are NOT a normal part of aging. It’s never too late to seek help or to feel better.
Click to tweet
The reality is, mental health issues are NOT a normal part of aging, yet when they occur, doctors commonly overlook them, or the symptoms are not disclosed by the millions of baby boomers and beyond who have them. According to the Centers for Disease Control, 1 out of every 5 people over the age of 55 has some type of mental health condition, the most common of which include bipolar disorder, anxiety, cognitive problems, and depression. And sadly, elderly men (age 85 and up) have the highest rate of suicide in the U.S.—45.23 per 100,000 versus 11 per 100,000 in the general population.

COMMON LIFE CHALLENGES FOR SENIORS

There’s no question that aging can pose challenges that increase the risk of mental health issues for some people and make them more vulnerable to conditions like depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and other problems. In addition, difficulties such as the following ones can stack up and exacerbate already burdensome situations. There’s no question that all these issues are serious concerns that can have a devastating impact on mental well-being. But when this occurs—and regardless of age—a correct diagnosis and a targeted treatment plan can make a significant impact, not only on reducing symptoms but also in improving the quality of a person’s life. Unfortunately, the majority of older people who struggle with impairing symptoms never get diagnosed, and therefore, never receive the treatment that could make their life so much more fulfilling. One study published in Psychiatric Services found that approximately 70% of seniors who had anxiety and mood disorders never sought help for their mental health issues. There are also many older folks who don’t believe they can change at their age or don’t think it’s possible to feel better simply by talking to a professional about their problems. Research, however, has shown otherwise. For example, in a randomized controlled trial conducted with people aged 60 and older who had co-occurring anxiety and depression, the participants actively engaged in 11 weeks of group cognitive behavioral therapy, a type of psychotherapy. This resulted in not only a significant improvement of symptoms but also the relief the participants experienced happened relatively quickly and was sustained over time.

MENTAL HEALTH AND COGNITIVE DECLINE OR DEMENTIA

A wealth of research shows that mental health problems, such as bipolar disorder and ADD/ADHD, significantly increase the risk of memory problems. Increased forgetfulness, feeling mentally foggy, and problems with concentration may signal the emergence of cognitive decline that can lead to Alzheimer’s disease or another type of dementia. This is understandably a big concern for many people, although the vast majority are not going to succumb to neurodegenerative disease. Cognitive problems can also arise from mental health issues like depression that have never been treated. When this is the case, a person may get diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or a related condition, when in fact they have what is called pseudodementia. Just like it sounds, it’s not dementia at all but rather another condition masquerading as it. Unfortunately, without actually looking at the brain with a technology like brain SPECT imaging that is utilized at Amen Clinics most doctors would not be able to discern the difference based on symptoms alone. For example, an elderly person who has become very forgetful and distracted appears unkempt, is no longer interested in social interactions or talking much could likely get diagnosed with dementia—which is not curable—when the real cause of symptoms is depression, a condition for which there are many treatment possibilities. It’s not necessary to suffer like that.

AGE IS NOT A BARRIER TO MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT

Reaching out for help at any time in life is not an indication of weakness or failure; it’s a sign of courage. Mental health issues are actually brain problems—not character flaws or personal shortcomings—and once they are correctly identified strategies can be undertaken to help bring the brain into greater balance, no matter how old you are. Whether someone is age 5 or 105, the right diagnosis and an optimal treatment plan for resolving mental health symptoms make all the difference in the world for being able to function well and enjoy life more. You’re never too old to start feeling better again. Anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here. An investigation into a seminal 2006 study on Alzheimer’s disease has raised questions about its validity. An analysis of the brain images used in the study suggests they may have been doctored, according to a 2022 article in the journal Science. The original 2006 study claimed its images showed that the accumulation of an amyloid-beta protein in the brain was associated with memory impairment in mouse models with Alzheimer’s disease. The findings in the 2006 paper laid the foundation for the hypothesis that amyloid-beta causes brain cells to die in people with Alzheimer’s. If the theory is wrong, it means that tens of millions of dollars spent on research to find drugs that fight amyloid-beta may have been wasted. This is disheartening news considering that over 6 million Americans are currently living with Alzheimer’s disease and that by 2050 this number is expected to triple. However, it is a reminder of what we at Amen Clinics have been saying for decades: Alzheimer’s is a lifestyle disease. Scientists will never find a single pill or vaccine to reverse memory loss because it has too many causes. Yet, there are many daily habits you can start doing NOW to improve your memory and reduce your risk for dementia. Scientists will never find a single pill or vaccine to reverse memory loss because it has too many causes. Yet, there are many daily habits you can start doing NOW to improve your memory and reduce your risk for dementia.
Click to tweet

11 Daily Habits to Improve Memory and Reduce the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease

1. Exercise to boost blood flow to the brain.

Healthy blood flow is critical to a good memory. On SPECT scans, low blood flow is the #1 brain imaging predictor of Alzheimer’s. To improve blood flow, be sure to include physical activity in your day. For example, walk at a fast pace—like you’re late for an appointment—for 30 to 45 minutes.

2. Learn something new.

Getting older is the primary risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. To keep your brain from aging too rapidly, make it a point to learn something new no matter how old you are. For example, learn to play a musical instrument, learn a foreign language, or take ballroom dancing lessons.

3. Eat an anti-inflammatory diet.

Chronic inflammation damages the brain and increases the risk of dementia. Eliminate pro-inflammatory foods from your diet, such as sugar, fast food, and vegetable oils that are high in omega-6 fatty acids. Stick with anti-inflammatory foods like salmon which is high in omega-3 fatty acids, green leafy vegetables, and avocados.

4. Know your family history.

There is a genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Make it a priority to find out if your grandparents or parents developed Alzheimer’s.

5. Protect your head.

A wealth of scientific research shows that traumatic brain injuries—even mild head trauma that doesn’t cause you to black out—raises the risk of developing dementia. Avoid activities that put you at risk for head injuries, wear a helmet when riding a bike, hold the handrail when going down stairs, and work on your balance to avoid falls.

6. Ditch alcohol.

Excessive drinking is linked with memory problems and dementia. In a 43-year follow-up study of more than 12,000 people, moderate-to-heavy drinkers had a 57% higher risk of dementia compared with non-drinkers and light drinkers—and they developed it at a younger age. Protect your memory by avoiding alcohol.

7. Get treated for psychiatric issues.

Mental health issues, such as depression and ADD/ADHD, are associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. If you have depressive symptoms, or you struggle with focus and attention, it’s important to seek professional help. The brain imaging work at Amen Clinics shows that psychiatric conditions are not single or simple issues. They all have different types. Brain imaging can help identify your type, so you can get the targeted treatment you need.

8. Boost your immune system.

Research following the pandemic shows that people with long COVID are more likely to suffer from memory problems and brain fog. More investigation is needed on the consequences of COVID infection on the future development of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. In a 2016 editorial in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 33 scientists expressed concern that infectious diseases were being overlooked as a major cause of memory problems and dementia.

9. Balance your hormones.

Hormonal imbalances have been linked to an increased incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. Abnormal hormone levels are also linked to a greater risk of heart disease, diabetes, and depression—all of which are also associated with higher odds of Alzheimer’s disease.

10. Maintain a healthy weight and blood sugar level.

Being obese or having diabetes makes you more likely to have memory problems. Abnormal insulin levels, a symptom seen in diabetes, has been tied to cognitive decline but not to the accumulation of amyloid-beta proteins in the brain, according to findings in a 2021 study in Diagnosis, Assessment, & Disease Monitoring. The authors of a study on insulin problems and Alzheimer’s in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease say the link between the two conditions is so strong, that they propose calling Alzheimer’s “type 3 diabetes.”

11. Get adequate sleep.

While you’re sleeping, your brain performs important tasks, such as removing detritus that builds up during the day (similar to taking out the trash). If you don’t get enough rest at night, your brain can’t perform these vital functions. A lack of sleep makes you more likely to have memory problems, according to a study in Nature Reviews: Neurology. Aim for at least 7 hours of sleep a night. Memory loss and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here.   Is your memory worse than it used to be? An increasing problem with forgetfulness is the most common indicator of Alzheimer’s disease, but it isn’t the only one. There are many other warning signs that your mind is headed for trouble. Here are 11 early signs of Alzheimer’s disease that you need to know.     An increasing problem with forgetfulness is the most common indicator of Alzheimer’s disease, but it isn’t the only one.
Click to tweet

11 Early Signs of Alzheimer’s Disease You Should Know

1. Memory loss.

The most common warning sign of Alzheimer’s disease is memory loss. Do you routinely forget people’s names? If you read an article or a chapter in a book, do you quickly forget what you just read? Do you repeatedly ask the same questions so often that your family gets annoyed with you? Are you lost without the reminders on your smartphone?

2. Problems with planning and problem-solving.

Do you find it more challenging to make plans and follow through with them? Do you fail to pay your bills on time or having trouble balancing your checkbook? Is it getting more difficult for you to follow directions or instructions, such as a recipe? These are warning signs that are associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

3. Poor judgment.

Have you started making bad decisions? Are you spending money you don’t have or making high-risk investments? Are you acting impulsively or behaving in ways you wouldn’t normally? Breaking the law, such as shoplifting, speeding, or trespassing, was the first sign of a type of dementia called frontotemporal dementia in 14% of people with this condition, according to research in JAMA Neurology.

4. Social withdrawal.

One of the early signs of Alzheimer’s is social isolation, according to a 2021 study. Social withdrawal may begin years prior to being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Are you spending more time alone or feeling less motivated to engage with family and friends?

5. Trouble with time.

Having difficulty keeping track of time or knowing the date or day of the week is another possible indicator of dementia. When it comes to time distortions related to Alzheimer’s, scientific findings point to deterioration in the brain’s hippocampus, which can begin years before symptoms emerge.

6. Getting lost.

Feeling disoriented is a common warning sign of Alzheimer’s disease. Do you find yourself wondering where you are or how you got there? Research shows that the brain regions involved in sense of location are damaged in the early stages of the disease.

7. Falling more frequently.

Are you falling or tripping more often? A brain imaging study in Neurology shows that adults who fall more frequently are at greater risk of developing early onset Alzheimer’s disease. In fact, the study also found that increased falls occurred earlier than memory and other cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s.

8. Gum disease.

Are your gums inflamed, or do they bleed easily when you brush your teeth? Mounting scientific research points to gum disease as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. Experts suggest that gum disease is an indicator of inflammation, which is a known risk factor for Alzheimer’s.

9. Problems with sense of smell.

Do you have trouble identifying scents like pineapple, paint thinner, or soap? Losing your sense of smell (called anosmia) could be one of the earliest warning signs of Alzheimer’s. The region of the brain involved in sense of smell is one of the first to deteriorate in Alzheimer’s disease.  Brain imaging research in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease shows that individuals with olfactory deficits have the same neurodegenerative changes seen in people with Alzheimer’s.

10. Depression.

Are you experiencing low moods? Depression can be an early indicator of Alzheimer’s disease. Scientific evidence shows that having major depressive disorder quadruples the risk of cognitive impairment in men and doubles it in women. Research from Brazil shows that depression has a significant impact on the age of onset for Alzheimer’s disease.

11. Other mental health problems.

Are you struggling with ADD/ADHD, bipolar disorder, or other mental health issues? A wealth of research shows that psychiatric disorders increase the risk of memory problems. For example, findings from a 2019 study show that adults with ADD/ADHD are at more than 3 times the risk of developing dementia, and a 2017 study shows that bipolar disorder significantly increases the risk in older adults. Other conditions that elevate the risk for cognitive decline include posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chronic stress, and schizophrenia.

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND THE BRAIN

Amen Clinics, the global leader in brain health, has worked with thousands of people who are worried about memory problems as well as others who don’t recognize that their symptoms may be early signs of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain SPECT imaging, which measures blood flow and activity in the brain, can help detect brain changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease years or even decades before symptoms arise. Early detection on brain scans gives people the opportunity to get treatment in the early stages when it is most effective. Seeing the signs associated with Alzheimer’s disease on brain scans can also motivate you to make lifestyle changes that improve brain health and help protect memory. Neuroimaging can also be helpful in determining if memory loss and other symptoms may be due to other treatable causes, such as head trauma, exposure to toxins, neurohormone issues, infections like COVID-19 or Lyme disease, substance use, and more. Treating these issues can have a powerfully positive effect on memory and cognitive function. Memory problems, depression, ADD/ADHD, and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here. When was the last time you asked your doctor to do an assessment of your memory? If you’re like many people, the answer probably is “never.” But just like getting the health of your heart blood pressure, and cholesterol checked, having your brain and memory evaluated is every bit as important—if not more so—especially as the years pass. There’s no question that being afraid of getting dementia is a legitimate concern, especially for anyone over the age of 50. Increased forgetfulness, problems with concentration, and changes in mental stamina are not unusual. However, just because you’re having issues like these doesn’t mean there aren’t things you can do to improve how your brain works. Just because you’re having memory issues, concentration problems, and less mental stamina doesn’t mean there aren’t things you can do to improve how your brain works.
Click to tweet

What’s Holding You Back?

According to the Alzheimer’s Association’s 2022 report, there are approximately 6.5 million adults in the U.S. with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—the most common type of dementia. This represents 10.7% of people over the age of 65. Although this may sound daunting, it also infers that about 89% of seniors don’t have AD. Is it possible that older people don’t raise the topic of memory with their doctor because they’re afraid of what they might find out—or because they don’t think anything can be done about it anyway? Numerous factors influence brain function, and regardless of age, there are many ways you can have a better brain, even later in life. To provide guidance on this, the doctors at Amen Clinics developed a checklist of 11 risk factors for memory loss, represented by the mnemonic (memory device) BRIGHT MINDS. It helps people identify their vulnerabilities and learn what strategies can help minimize the effects of any risks.

BRIGHT MINDS FOR A BETTER BRAIN AT ANY AGE

When you know your risks and follow through on recommendations to minimize their impact, your brain can become healthier and more vibrant again. Here’s a basic overview of BRIGHT MINDS along with some tips you can start using right away.

B is for Blood Flow.

This most basic of bodily functions reflects the status of the blood vessels throughout your body and brain. Getting treated for issues such as pre-hypertension or hypertension and exercising regularly can improve blood flow and your health. A 2021 study published in Ageing and Research Reviews found that a simultaneous program of the brain and physical exercise training improved cognitive function—even in participants who had mild cognitive impairment, which is often a precursor for dementia.

R is for Retirement and Aging.

While many people covet the moment they can officially retire, opting to become a couch potato is like asking for problems. Instead of lounging around, use some of that free time to challenge your brain by learning new things and volunteering so you stay socially connected to others.

I is for inflammation.

The basis for almost every disease—including dementia—is inflammation. It can lurk throughout your brain and body, including your gums in the form of periodontal disease. To get it under control:

G is for Genetics.

If you have one family member with Alzheimer’s disease or another form of dementia, your risk is 3.5%, but if more than one person in your family has dementia, your risk jumps to 7.5%. Fortunately, your genes aren’t necessarily your destiny, and you can fight against these odds by making healthy lifestyle choices now that support optimal brain function.

H is for Head Trauma.

When brain cells get injured from a concussion or other type of traumatic brain injury, they draw in less blood and other nutrients like oxygen, lowering function in those areas. Being proactive to heal from a head injury and avoiding anything that hurts your brain—like more injuries—can make a positive difference. Wear a helmet when biking, skiing, or snowboarding, and NEVER text while walking or driving.

T is for Toxins.

We live in a world where toxins seem to be almost everywhere in the environment, but they can also be in what you put in your body. So, if you smoke cigarettes get help to quit. If you have a problem with alcohol or recreational drugs, seek out support to become sober. If you’ve been exposed to heavy metals, talk to your doctor about chelation treatment.

M is for Mental Health.

Untreated mental health conditions can increase your chances of having memory issues, especially as you get older. If you are struggling with PTSD, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or are living with chronic stress, take the step to schedule an appointment with a psychiatrist and/or a psychotherapist who can help you reduce your symptoms and get your brain in better balance.

I is for Immunity/Infections.

Many medical issues, including some autoimmune disorders, herpes, and adult asthma can affect your memory, as can problems from untreated Lyme disease and prolonged symptoms of COVID-19. Therefore, getting treatment for any infection and taking vitamin D as well as adding smart mushrooms like reishi, lion’s mane, and shiitake to your diet can help support your immune system and brain health.

N is for Neurohormone Issues.

If you’re a woman with low thyroid or a man (or woman) whose testosterone levels are low, it can lead to forgetfulness, poor concentration, and mood issues. Fortunately, some simple blood tests to check these can let you know if hormonal imbalances are a cause of your brain issues. Treatment with medication, or supplements in some cases, can make a big difference in getting your brain back on track.

D is for Diabesity.

Being overweight or obese or having diabetes/prediabetes can directly affect your brain function. In fact, research has found that when the size of your body goes up, the size of your brain goes down. Therefore, getting treatment for diabetes, managing your blood sugar, and losing weight can help make your memory sharper.

S is for Sleep.

Without getting at least 7 hours of sleep each night, you increase your risk for long-term brain problems. If you have sleep apnea, it’s critical to get treated for it. Or if you struggle with insomnia, work with a counselor to see what stressors might be keeping you up at night, so you can get the necessary shut-eye needed to wake up feeling mentally and physically refreshed. Regardless of your age, there’s no need to fear getting a brain check-up—it’s one of the smartest things you can do, especially after age 50. By learning your risk factors for memory problems, there are actionable steps you can take to improve brain function, so you can think more clearly, have better energy, and be able to truly enjoy the later years of your life. You can learn more about BRIGHT MINDS and build a better brain with Amen Clinics Memory Rescue Program. Memory problems can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here. It’s bad enough that Alzheimer’s disease ravages a person’s memory. What’s even worse is that the disease is also associated with a number of psychological and behavioral symptoms that negatively impact quality of life. Research shows that an estimated 90% of people with dementia experience neuropsychiatric symptoms at some point in the progression of the disease. In some cases, emotional and behavioral changes may be some of the first warning signs of Alzheimer’s disease.   About 90% of people with dementia experience neuropsychiatric symptoms. In some cases, emotional and behavioral changes may be some of the first warning signs of Alzheimer’s disease.
Click to tweet

MENTAL HEALTH SYMPTOMS LINKED TO ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

According to decades of research, psychological and behavioral symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s disease include:

1. Anxiety

Symptoms of anxiety occur in about 40% of people with Alzheimer’s disease, according to a 2021 study in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease Reports. Anxiousness is frequently seen in the early stages of the disease when mild cognitive impairment surfaces. Experts agree that anxiety worsens cognitive impairment.

2. Apathy

A lack of enthusiasm or motivation is considered a core symptom in all stages of Alzheimer’s disease. People with the condition tend to have little interest in activities they once enjoyed. Apathy is also recognized as a symptom of depression, but it may occur without dysphoria in those with dementia.

3. Agitation

Approximately 30%-50% of people with Alzheimer’s experience verbal or physical agitation, according to findings in a study in Frontiers in Neurology. Agitation is characterized by restlessness, worries, and emotional distress.

4. Anger and aggression

People with Alzheimer’s may unpredictably lash out in anger. They may become verbally or physically aggressive, throwing things or swearing at caregivers or family members. This can be due to underlying confusion, frustration, side effects from medication, pain, or other issues related to the condition.

5. Depression

Depressive symptoms are frequently seen in people with cognitive impairment and the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. A 2018 meta-analysis in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry found that major depressive disorder is present in about 15% of those with Alzheimer’s. Too often, depression goes undetected as dementia causes a number of similar symptoms, such as difficulty concentrating, social withdrawal, apathy, and loss of interest in hobbies or activities they used to enjoy.

6. Psychosis

Psychotic symptoms in dementia include hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia. Hallucinations may involve seeing, hearing, feeling, or smelling things that aren’t really there. For example, they may think they see a loved one, such as a spouse or parent, who is deceased. When a person with memory loss and confusion firmly believes something that is not real, it is called a delusion. While hallucinations are sensory in nature, delusions are not. Delusions can take the form of paranoia. Becoming suspicious that others are lying to them or conspiring against them is commonly seen in people with Alzheimer’s. Dementia sufferers who misplace items or forget where they put things may be fearful that their caregivers are stealing from them. If they fail to recognize caregivers or family members, they may believe these people are strangers trying to hurt them.

7. Sleep Problems

Sleep disturbances are common in people with Alzheimer’s and tend to get worse as the disease progresses. People may have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep and may experience increased daytime sleepiness. A lack of adequate rest can worsen symptoms of the disease as sleep is a critical component in the memory consolidation process.

WHAT CAUSES NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS IN DEMENTIA?

For years, researchers have been trying to determine if the psychological and behavioral symptoms seen in people with Alzheimer’s are the result of changes in the brain or due to a reaction to cognitive impairment. We may have an answer thanks to a 2022 brain imaging study from Sweden. For this study, researchers followed 356 seniors aged 60 and over for 8 years, assessing cognitive function, biomarkers associated with Alzheimer’s disease, and psychological symptoms, such as anxiety and apathy. Participants with elevated levels of the biomarkers linked to Alzheimer’s at the start of the study were at increased risk of developing anxiety and apathy. The study authors concluded that psychiatric symptoms are the result of the brain changes that occur in Alzheimer’s, which also affect both the memory centers and emotional centers of the brain.

THE LINK BETWEEN MENTAL HEALTH AND INCREASED RISK OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

A growing body of scientific evidence also shows that mental health issues increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of memory loss. Findings in a 2017 study in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease show that having neuropsychiatric symptoms triples the risk of dementia. Other research shows that elderly people with anxiety and apathy may be at increased risk of developing the cognitive impairment seen in Alzheimer’s. Additional research points to untreated depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), ADD/ADHD, and sleep problems as risk factors for memory problems.

DIAGNOSING AND TREATING MEMORY PROBLEMS AND MENTAL HEALTH

Treating mental health and behavioral issues is critical if you want to save your mind. Getting an accurate diagnosis is the first step in the healing process. Because there are so many overlapping symptoms, functional brain SPECT imaging can be helpful in differentiating dementia from other issues, such as depression. In addition, assessing and treating all risk factors for memory loss is the best approach. Memory loss, depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here. For over a decade Country Music Hall of Fame singer Kris Kristofferson suffered from memory loss, confusion, and other issues. Diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease in 2013, he began taking 2 prescription drugs for dementia, but they weren’t helping, and he was slipping away quickly. Then he saw Mark Filidei, D.O., at the Whitaker Wellness Clinic (Dr. Filidei also works at Amen Clinics as the Director of Integrative Medicine). After extensive testing, Dr. Filidei diagnosed the singer with Lyme disease and treated him with antibiotics and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). According to media reports, after a few treatments, his symptoms improved and he told his wife, “I feel like I’m back.” As the medical community learns more about Lyme disease, it is becoming clearer that its symptoms can mimic those seen in Alzheimer’s and other dementias. In rare cases, a history of Lyme disease has been linked to dementia in later life, according to a 2019 study in Frontiers in Neurology. And research is increasingly finding that Alzheimer’s is more common in those with certain types of bacterial infections (such as Lyme disease, gum disease, and syphilis), as well as viral and fungal infections. The findings of the Lyme-Alzheimer’s connection remain mixed, however, and more research is needed to fully understand the relationship. As the medical community learns more about Lyme disease, it is becoming clearer that its symptoms can mimic those seen in Alzheimer’s and other dementias.
Click to tweet

THE BASICS OF LYME DISEASE AND THE BRAIN

Lyme disease is a bacterial infection that is caused when an individual is bitten by a deer tick—also known as a black-legged tick—that is infected with a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi. An estimated 476,000 Americans are diagnosed with Lyme disease each year, according to the CDC, but experts suggest the number of people with the disease could be much higher. On brain SPECT imaging scans, infections such as Lyme disease are associated with overall decreased blood flow in a scalloped pattern. Seeing this pattern on SPECT scans prompts a deeper investigation into the possible root causes. Seeing the abnormal brain activity in people with Lyme disease, it’s understandable that there can be issues related to emotional well-being, cognitive function, and behavior.

LYME DISEASE, MEMORY PROBLEMS, AND MENTAL HEALTH

Infectious illnesses, such as Lyme disease, are a major cause of psychiatric and cognitive problems that few medical professionals recognize. In a 2019 study involving nearly 1.1 million people, researchers found that infectious diseases in children and adolescents were linked to a significant increase in mental health problems and the use of psychotropic medications later in life. Lyme disease is associated with a variety of neurological and psychiatric symptoms and conditions, including:

SEEKING HELP FOR LYME DISEASE

When neuropsychiatric symptoms don’t respond to standard treatments, it is always a good idea to dig deeper. Brain SPECT imaging, testing for infectious diseases, and other assessments that are part of an integrative medicine approach can be helpful in identifying the root causes of symptoms. If Lyme disease is discovered, seek help from a Lyme-literate physician for optimal treatments to aid in recovery. Lyme disease and other infectious diseases, along with the mental health symptoms associated with them, can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here.