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This blog has been updated since it’s original publish date.

Do you find yourself forgetting your keys? Spacing out on why you walked into a room? Losing your train of thought mid-sentence? If you answered yes to any of these questions and you’re also a couch potato, there is one important strategy that could put you on the path to improved recall.

The secret to a better memory? Moving more.

Aerobic exercise provides greater blood flow to your brain, especially to the hippocampus, a region that’s crucial to memory. A 2017 study in 51 healthy men and women, ages 18-35, found that those who had the highest fitness levels had a firmer, more elastic hippocampus and scored the best on memory tests.

Research shows that reduced blood flow is the #1 brain-imaging predictor that a person will develop Alzheimer’s disease.
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BLOOD FLOW AND THE BRAIN

Healthy blood flow is crucial to your brain—and to your whole body. It transports nutrients, including oxygen, to every cell in your body and flushes away toxins. Even though your brain, which weighs about 3 pounds, makes up only 2% of your body’s weight, it uses 20% of the oxygen and blood flow in your body.

Exciting new research in Human Brain Mapping dispels the long-held belief that our brain cells age quickly; rather, it is the blood vessels that feed our neurons that are aging faster. If you want to keep your brain healthy, your mind sharp, and your mental health strong for as long as possible, you need to protect your blood vessels.

If you keep your blood vessels healthy, you may be able to avoid not only memory loss and Alzheimer’s disease, but also a host of mental health issues (see below) as well as physical problems like high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and erectile dysfunction, among others. You’ll also have a lot more energy and you’re less likely to be overweight.

BRAIN HEALTH PROBLEMS OF LOW BLOOD FLOW

Anything that damages your blood vessels or impairs blood flow hurts your brain. Brain SPECT imaging studies reveal that low blood flow is related to many behavioral and psychiatric issues. SPECT is a type of brain imaging study that measures the brain’s blood flow and activity. Low blood flow seen on SPECT has been seen with:

In fact, research in Nature Communications shows that low blood flow is the #1 brain imaging predictor that a person will develop Alzheimer’s disease.

11 WAYS EXERCISE PROTECTS MEMORY

Here are some of the many ways physical exercise enhances brain health and protects memory:

  1. Helps increase the size of the hippocampus, the Holy Grail of any memory enhancement program, according to the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and several other studies.
  2. Protects the hippocampus from stress-related hormones, like cortisol, which normally shrinks it. Even leisurely walking has been shown to increase the size of the hippocampus in women, according to findings in Hippocampus.
  3. Stimulates the production of growth factors, such as BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factors), which nurture stem cell production.
  4. Stimulates “neurogenesis,” the ability of the brain to generate new neurons
  5. Decreases the formation of beta-amyloid plaque, clumps of protein found in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease, according to the Journal of Neuroscience.
  6. Improves cognitive flexibility, as shown in 2015 research in Current Biology.
  7. Improves mood, which is important because research shows depression has been linked to an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.
  8. Enhances insulin’s ability to lower high blood sugar levels, reducing the risk of diabetes. In some scientific journals, Alzheimer’s has been called “type 3 diabetes.”
  9. Allows for greater detoxification through sweat, which is critical because toxins in any form damage the brain and increase the risk of memory problems and dementia.
  10. Improves the quality of sleep. Some scientific research suggests that sleep disturbances may be a predictor of Alzheimer’s.
  11. Improves immunity. Several studies have found immune system dysfunction in dementia.

WHICH EXERCISES ARE BEST FOR YOUR BRAIN?

Racquet sports are particularly beneficial. A 2016 study in the British Journal of Sports Medicine that followed more than 80,000 adults found that those who played tennis, table tennis, squash and other racquet sports had the lowest risk of dying during the nearly decade-long research. Swimming and aerobics are good choices, too. And if you walk, just be sure to keep up the pace to get the most benefits.

MORE WAYS TO BOOST BLOOD FLOW

In addition to physical exercise, there are many other ways to improve your blood flow, including treating high blood pressure, cholesterol, or other vascular problems, and avoiding cigarettes and caffeine, which constrict blood flow to the brain. Here are more easy, beneficial moves:

Blood flow is so important, it is the first risk factor in the Amen Clinics Memory Rescue BRIGHT MINDS Program, which identifies and treats the 11 risk factors that can steal your memory and your mind. Preventing and treating these risk factors is the best way to keep your memory sharp for the rest of your life.

We are available for in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, remote clinical evaluations, and video therapy. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834. If all our specialists are busy helping others, you can also schedule a time to talk.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may not sound very serious. But this condition, which can affect memory and thinking skills, could be a stealthy danger to many Americans for a few reasons. First, many people are not very familiar with MCI. In fact, more than 80% of Americans know little about MCI or are not familiar with it at all, according to a 2022 report from the Alzheimer’s Association. Simultaneously, with our country’s fast-growing senior population, it’s more important than ever to learn about MCI. The report estimates that 12% to 18% of Americans age 60 and older are living with MCI, which can be an early stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Of those affected, approximately 10% to 15% develop dementia every year. Approximately 1 out of 3 people living with mild cognitive impairment will develop dementia related to Alzheimer’s disease within 5 years. Let’s look a little deeper into this condition, which can have potentially serious outcomes. More than 80% of Americans know little about mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or are not familiar with it at all. But 12% to 18% of Americans age 60 and older are living with MCI, which affects memory and thinking skills.
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MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES

Many people believe that memory loss and cognitive impairment are simply side effects of normal aging. However those with MCI experience memory or thinking problems that are more pronounced than would be expected for their age. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) notes that there is no single cause of MCI, but there are factors that can increase risk, such as: Though the NIA points out that MCI symptoms are not as severe as those associated with Alzheimer’s or dementia (such as personality changes), they do affect daily life. People with MCI can still function on a day-to-day basis, but they may experience areas of confusion. For example, they may lose items, forget events or commitments, or have trouble finding words when speaking. They may even notice problems with their movement or sense of smell. The Alzheimer’s Association distinguishes between two types of MCI: Amnestic and Nonamnestic.

MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT MAY LEAD TO DEMENTIA

Given that Alzheimer’s disease now affects an estimated 6.7 million Americans and is the most common form of dementia, understanding mild cognitive impairment can have widespread effects. As a reminder, dementia is an umbrella term that describes a variety of diseases and conditions that develop when nerve cells in the brain die off or no longer function normally. Being on the lookout for early symptoms of Alzheimer’s, such as MCI, can be crucial for starting possible interventions earlier. Certain steps can support and help preserve the memory, and the sooner they begin, the better the outcomes may be. As implied in the statistics above, not all MCI cases develop into dementia. The Alzheimer’s Association points out that MCI can reflect an early stage of neurodegenerative disease development—including Alzheimer’s—if the person experiences the hallmark changes in the brain associated with those diseases. However, some people with MCI can return back to their normal cognition or remain at the same level of impairment without worsening. Diagnosis guidelines for Alzheimer’s and MCI would ideally start at the preclinical stage, which means that noticeable symptoms such as memory loss have not yet occurred. However researchers are still working on identifying the internal biological changes (called biomarkers) that may signal a future issue. In the meantime, medical professionals utilize a variety of tactics to arrive at a diagnosis, such as:

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT FOR MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

To get the full picture of a developing case of MCI, it can be helpful to screen for dementia with a brain scan. Functional brain scans are especially helpful in determining early signs of dementia—even before symptoms occur. These tools include: It’s also important to rule out other causes of MCI. In some cases, medication can cause cognitive impairment, leading to a false diagnosis of MCI. In other cases, cognitive problems can develop due to separate health conditions such as: Treating these issues can help eradicate the MCI symptoms. In terms of prevention, some research is focusing on decreasing the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, in order to reduce the risk of MCI and dementia. One such study, presented in 2018 at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference, suggested that “aggressive treatment of high blood pressure (targeting a systolic blood pressure goal of less than 120 mm Hg)” was associated with fewer new cases of MCI and dementia. The study results showed that in one group receiving this blood pressure treatment, 19% fewer people developed mild cognitive impairment. And 15% fewer people developed MCI or dementia (regardless of the underlying cause). Therefore, scientists are interested in studying the overall lifestyle changes that can help with MCI prevention. The two-year U.S. Study to Protect Brain Health Through Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Risk is currently underway to look more closely at whether various interventions can protect cognitive function in older adults who have an increased risk for cognitive decline. The interventions being studied include: This project follows a 2014 two-year study performed in Finland, which evaluated healthy older adults who had an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. This study called the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability, found that certain steps, including diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring, “could improve or maintain cognitive functioning in at-risk elderly people.” Currently, treatments for MCI include medications that target the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. These have been linked to Alzheimer’s, although this association has been questioned. However other brain changes seen with Alzheimer’s, such as inflammation, shrinkage, and low blood flow, can be evaluated through brain SPECT imaging before symptoms show. It’s important for those with mild cognitive impairment to undergo testing, and to continue to test regularly to track the progression of the condition.

COMBINING INTERVENTIONS FOR BETTER OUTCOMES

As suggested in the Finnish study, staving off dementia including Alzheimer’s after the onset of MCI can likely be best achieved through a multi-pronged approach. MCI may be labeled “mild,” but its impact on our daily lives and loved ones can create serious side effects over time. When we take better care of our bodies and brains through making better health decisions—from as early an age as possible—we increase our chances for improved brain health for years to come. Memory loss and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here. Frontotemporal dementia (also known as frontotemporal degeneration, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, or Pick’s disease) is an umbrella term for a group of brain disorders associated with the progressive loss of nerve cells in the frontal lobes and temporal lobes. Shrinkage in these brain regions leads to changes in communication, behavior, personality, and motor skills. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) may be misdiagnosed as a mental health problem or Alzheimer’s disease, so it’s important to include brain imaging when seeking a diagnosis.   Frontotemporal dementia is the most common type of dementia in individuals less than 60 years of age.
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ABOUT FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a progressive disorder that accounts for approximately 10-20% of dementia cases, according to the Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration (AFTD). FTD is the most common type of dementia in individuals less than 60 years of age. Although it usually strikes in mid-life, it can also develop in people aged 20 to 80. In general, this neurodegenerative disease affects the temporal lobes (involved in memory, learning, and word retrieval) as well as the frontal lobes (involved in cognitive functions, such as planning, judgment, impulse control, and empathy). This results in a variety of issues that impact everyday life.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA

The signs and symptoms of FTD vary from one person to the next. In all affected people, however, the symptoms typically worsen over time. More common signs and symptoms of early FTD include: Unlike Alzheimer’s disease, FTD does not usually cause memory problems in the initial stages. In the later stages of the disorder, however, memory loss is more likely to occur.

TYPES OF FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA

There are two main types of frontotemporal dementia: behavioral frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and primary progressive aphasia.

Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD)

Accounting for approximately 50% of all cases, this is the most common form of FTD. BvFTD is associated with nerve cell loss in brain regions associated with conduct, planning, self-control, judgment, empathy, and more. The primary symptoms include changes in personality, apathy, and a deterioration of interpersonal conduct. People with bvFTD may act in ways that are out of character, including saying or doing things that are socially inappropriate. They may progressively lose self-control, show increasingly poor judgment, or develop a lack of empathy. People with this form of FTD may also engage in compulsive behaviors or experience changes in eating habits. One of the key characteristics of this disease is that affected people are unaware of the personality changes taking place and don’t care how their inappropriate behavior impacts others.

Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)

People with PPA progressively lose their ability to communicate—speaking, understanding what others are saying, reading, and writing. Individuals may experience difficulty moving their mouth and tongue, which may cause slurred or slowed speech. They may use the wrong words or sounds, omit words, have difficulty recalling words, or have trouble comprehending complex phrases. Like other forms of dementia, PPA is associated with brain atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes.

WHEN A LOVED ONE HAS FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA

When an individual is affected by FTD, it isn’t only the person with the disease who suffers. Considering that frontotemporal dementia can be hard to diagnose, it means families often deal with symptoms for years without answers. Seeing a loved one’s personality, behavior, and ability to communicate change in detrimental ways due to frontotemporal dementia can be heartbreaking and confusing. For loved ones, it can be hard to pinpoint when symptoms began. Loved ones may normalize the early signs and symptoms of frontotemporal dementia, or they attribute them to other things. But eventually, personality changes, socially inappropriate behavior, and difficulty with communication create a challenging environment. Prior to receiving a diagnosis, these behaviors and changes may cause loved ones to take things personally, which can strain marital relationships and family dynamics. Ultimately, living with someone who has FTD can be extremely stressful.

HOW BRAIN IMAGING HELPS WITH EARLY DETECTION OF FTD

Trying to get answers when a person is experiencing personality changes or other symptoms of frontotemporal dementia can be very challenging, but functional brain SPECT imaging can help. SPECT measures blood flow and activity in the brain and reveals areas of the brain with healthy activity, too much activity, or too little activity. The brain-imaging work at Amen Clinics, which includes over 225,000 brain scans, shows evidence of the neurodegenerative processes associated with dementia years or even decades before symptoms begin. Low blood flow in the frontal and temporal lobes is a common finding in people with frontotemporal dementia. Identifying the signs of brain atrophy associated with FTD isn’t the only benefit. SPECT can also help rule out FTD and point to other potential causes of a person’s cognitive changes. Common causes of cognitive issues that are treatable include head trauma, exposure to toxins, and infections such as Lyme disease or COVID. Although FTD is not curable, getting an early diagnosis is important. With an accurate diagnosis, you can begin early interventions to help protect brain health and maximize a person’s life. In addition, loved ones can seek support to cope with the stress of being a caregiver. Frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and other cognitive and mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here. Content updated from previous publish date. When young people think about retirement, they often dream of leisurely days with loved ones and finally pursuing hobbies that they never had time for. What they don’t anticipate is spending their golden years forgetting loved ones’ names and getting lost on the way to the grocery store. Alzheimer’s disease now affects an estimated 6.5 million Americans and is the most common form of dementia, a general term that describes a variety of diseases and conditions that develop when nerve cells in the brain die or no longer function normally. Knowing the early symptoms of Alzheimer’s is critical so you can begin interventions to support your memory. Knowing the early symptoms of Alzheimer’s is critical so you can begin interventions to support your memory.
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BASICS ABOUT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive disease that is associated with memory loss. You may start forgetting people’s names, have trouble remembering why you walked into a room, lose track of where you put your car keys, and more. Over time, Alzheimer’s begins to interfere with daily life and eventually impairs one’s ability to carry out basic functions such as speaking, writing, walking, and swallowing. Sadly, the disease eventually leads to death. Here are some sobering statistics about Alzheimer’s disease: Despite all of this, it’s important to know that Alzheimer’s is not a “normal part of aging” and there are ways to decrease your chances of getting it.

BRAIN CHANGES IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Alzheimer’s is associated with harmful changes in areas of the brain involved in memory, thinking, and language. Alzheimer’s has been linked to the abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain. However, findings in 2022 have called this hypothesis into question. Researchers are still investigating how these plaques and tangles may contribute to Alzheimer’s. Other brain changes seen in Alzheimer’s include inflammation, shrinkage, and low blood flow. In fact, overall low blood flow is the #1 brain-imaging predictor of Alzheimer’s. Some of these brain changes begin to develop years or even decades before any symptoms appear. Brain SPECT imaging, which measures blood flow and activity in the brain, can help identify the changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease before a person has symptoms.

10 EARLY SYMPTOMS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

According to the Alzheimer’s Association, there are 10 early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common form of dementia. How many of these signs do you (or a loved one) have?

1. Memory loss

The most recognizable symptom of Alzheimer’s disease is the loss of memory. Forgetting people’s names, forgetting the contents of a book or article soon after reading it, and repeatedly asking the same questions are common signs associated with memory problems. One of the key signs that you may be headed for trouble is if your memory is worse now than it was 10 years ago.

2. Difficulty with planning

Is it increasingly challenging for you to make plans and stick with them? Does the idea of planning a vacation seem overwhelming? Do you have problems managing your time? If you answer these questions with a ‘yes’, then it could be a warning sign of Alzheimer’s.

3. Trouble with routine tasks

When everyday chores and tasks become more challenging or take longer to do, it is a possible indicator that you may be suffering from early Alzheimer’s disease. For example, having trouble following the steps necessary to install new software on your computer, manage your bank accounts online, or cook a recipe may be signs of trouble.

4. Confusion regarding time or location

Experiencing disorientation is a common indication of Alzheimer’s. Having trouble knowing the time, date, or day of the week may be an early indicator of the disease. A 2016 study points to damage in the hippocampus of the brain, which can begin years before any signs of the disease show, as a contributor to time distortions. In addition, you may forget your location or be unsure how you arrived somewhere. Research demonstrates that the brain regions involved with one’s sense of location are affected in the initial stages of the disease.

5. Changes in vision

Many individuals with Alzheimer’s disease experience visual problems, such as trouble seeing colors or contrast. According to a 2020 study, adults with poor ability to detect visual contrast were more likely to have an accumulation of the amyloid and tau proteins commonly seen in Alzheimer’s disease. Another study in 2019 found that when taking a short-term memory test, the pupils of people with mild cognitive impairment became more dilated compared with those with healthy cognitive function. The researchers concluded that increased dilation indicated greater cognitive effort required to complete the test.

6. Communication problems

Problems with spoken or written language are common in people with early Alzheimer’s disease. This can manifest itself in various ways, ranging from difficulty finding the right words to say or write to difficulty understanding conversations. You may call a familiar item by the wrong name, have trouble finding the right word, or have difficulty following a conversation.

7. Losing things

Misplacing your belongings is commonly seen in early Alzheimer’s disease. For example, a person in the early stages of the disease may put their phone in the refrigerator, leave their wallet in the medicine cabinet, or place their briefcase in the sock drawer. In addition, people with early dementia may have trouble retracing their steps to figure out where they left the object they misplaced.

8. Impaired judgment

Is your decision-making getting worse? Are you splurging on things you can’t afford? Are you making risky investments? Are you doing things that are uncharacteristic or that go against your values? Such behavior can be a sign of Alzheimer’s.

9. Social isolation

According to a 2021 study, social withdrawal is one of the initial indicators of Alzheimer’s. Pulling away from one’s social circle may begin years prior to a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s. Are you finding yourself seeking solitude more often? Are you turning down social invitations you used to enjoy? Are you reluctant to interact with family and friends?

10. Changes in mood and personality

One of the earliest and most noticeable signs of Alzheimer’s disease is the change in a person’s mood and personality. Depression and apathy are some of the most common personality changes seen in early Alzheimer’s disease, according to research. Other changes may include increased anxiety, irritability, or mood swings. These changes are thought to be caused by the deterioration of areas of the brain that control emotions and behavior. Ask yourself if you (or a loved one) have any of these early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. Recognizing these early signs can be important in identifying and diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease and getting the early intervention necessary to protect overall brain health and support memory. Memory loss, Alzheimer’s disease, and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here. Do you find your friends or family members remember pieces of your history better than you do? Do you often walk into a room only to forget why? Do you notice a loved one having cognitive problems or acting strangely? Do you wish you could take a peek inside your head to see what’s happening in your brain to make you so forgetful? Would you like to know if you’re headed for dementia? You can with functional brain imaging. One diagnostic tool that can be extremely useful in helping to understand signs of memory and cognitive issues better is a brain SPECT scan.  Examining your brain’s function with this type of imaging can help identify cognitive problems long before they develop into dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. More than a decade ago, published research recognized brain SPECT imaging could help diagnose Alzheimer’s disease more precisely.
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Counter to what some people may believe, persistent issues with memory and changes in cognition are NOT normal signs of aging! Here’s what brain SPECT imaging can reveal about your brain function, and how you can use it to address early signs of dementia when interventions are more effective.

WHAT IS DEMENTIA?

Dementia is the general term given for a decline in cognitive ability that is severe enough to interfere with daily life. It is caused by abnormal changes in the brain. Early signs of dementia may include: Over time, dementia symptoms can grow severe enough to impair a person’s ability to function independently in the world. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, but there are other less common forms as well. According to recent data, dementia is estimated to affect more than 7 million people ages 65 or older in the U.S. Experts believe that more than 9 million Americans may have dementia by 2030, and nearly 12 million might be affected by it by 2040, according to the same research findings. Of those dementia cases, roughly 60-80% are Alzheimer’s disease. Currently, it’s estimated that 6.5 million people in the U.S. are currently living with Alzheimer’s. People with dementia die prematurely. People with dementia die prematurely. It is the 7th leading cause of death in the U.S. and around the world. A recent meta-analysis study revealed that after diagnosis, the mean survival time for people with Alzheimer’s was 5.8 years. For people with other forms of dementia, survival times were even less. There’s good reason to take early signs of dementia seriously.

BRAIN IMAGING FOR DEMENTIA: STRUCTURE VS. FUNCTION

If you have persistent memory problems and/or other cognitive issues, there are several ways a doctor may choose to look at your brain:

Structural Brain Scans

Physicians will routinely either order an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (computerized axial tomography) brain scan. These imaging tools are designed to picture the brain’s structure (anatomy). In many cases, an MRI brain scan or brain CT scan will come back normal or may indicate “mild atrophy consistent with aging.” This does not provide much information about dementia. On the other hand, either scan can show if there has been a stroke or a tumor. With Alzheimer’s disease, structural changes, such as brain shrinkage, usually occur later in its development when lifestyle interventions are less effective. Whether it is Alzheimer’s or another form of dementia, an MRI or CT scan is not going to reveal early functional changes. Functional changes are the first indications that dementia may be developing.

Functional Brain Scans

Functional brain-imaging studies can be more useful precisely because they reveal changes in the way the brain functions. With dementia, functional issues nearly always occur before structural ones. More importantly, functional imaging can show evidence of a disease process years or even decades before people experience any symptoms. This allows time for a number of interventions to be implemented for better health outcomes. Functional brain imaging tools include:

Amyloid Imaging Agents

Medical researchers used to think that there were two primary causal factors of Alzheimer’s disease: With this understanding, amyloid imaging agents for the brain have been developed. Tau imaging tools are currently in the works. Curiously, though, all of the medications developed to clean up these two destructive proteins have failed in clinical trials. It is very likely that the treatment of Alzheimer’s may need to be more multidimensional than a one-size-fits-all solution targeting only amyloid buildup.

ADVANTAGES OF BRAIN SPECT IMAGING FOR DEMENTIA

SPECT provides more information, which is helpful in identifying a broad range of brain health issues. Indeed, more than a decade ago, published research recognized brain SPECT imaging could help diagnose Alzheimer’s disease more precisely. Here are 3 advantages of SPECT:

1. Early detection.

Brain imaging research, including a study in Neurodegenerative Disease, indicates that changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer’s begin decades before symptoms of the disease appear. Based on the brain-imaging work at Amen Clinics, SPECT can identify patterns associated with Alzheimer’s up to 9 years prior to the onset of symptoms. At Amen Clinics, SPECT imaging has revealed a typical brain pattern associated with Alzheimer’s disease. This pattern involves decreased activity in 3 key areas: As Alzheimer’s progresses to more advanced stages, decreases in activity develop in additional brain areas, such as the frontal lobes.

2. Showing multiple types of dementia.

Autopsy research shows that over 50% of people who died from Alzheimer’s disease also had changes in the brain associated with other forms of dementia. SPECT can help reveal multiple brain health issues that may be contributing to memory problems.

3. Revealing specific dementia patterns in the brain.

SPECT scans show the specific patterns of different types of dementia. For example, in frontotemporal dementia, which accounts for roughly 5% of dementia cases, there’s typically low blood flow in the frontal and temporal lobes. With vascular dementia, which accounts for 10% of dementia cases, low blood flow will be evident in the areas of the brain that are affected by blood vessel damage. These advantages make brain SPECT imaging particularly valuable for anyone who is experiencing memory issues or who has a family history of Alzheimer’s disease.

USING BRIGHT MINDS TO FIGHT MEMORY LOSS AND DEMENTIA

At Amen Clinics, brain SPECT imaging has played a role in identifying 11 major risk factors for memory loss, including Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. The easiest way to remember them is with the mnemonic BRIGHT MINDS, which stands for: The best way to keep your memory sharp, stop your brain from aging, and prevent Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia is to prevent or treat all of these risk factors. It’s never too late—or too early—to start. Memory problems, Alzheimer’s disease, and other forms of dementia can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here. The human gut has been called the “second brain,” and its network is similarly complex. More than 100 million neurons in the gut communicate with the brain (a system known as the gut-brain axis) and influence health or illness. We know that gut health impacts a wide variety of physical processes in the body—it’s been studied for its influence on everything from autism to anxiety. Does it also play a role in Alzheimer’s disease?

GUT BASICS

The gut is heavily involved in human immunity, as the gut houses trillions of beneficial microorganisms designed to fend off disease. This communication is also why maintaining a healthier gut may play a role in combating serious mental health issues like depression. On the other hand, an unhealthy gut can lead to chronic conditions throughout the body, such as autoimmune diseases, anxiety, and ADD/ADHD. This occurs when numbers of “bad” bacteria (pathogens) in the gut are elevated; generally, a ratio of 85% good bacteria to 15% pathogens is recommended. When the latter level creeps up—a fluctuation that can occur for many reasons, such as medications, stress, illness, aging, and poor diet—an imbalance called dysbiosis takes place, and infections and diseases are more likely to occur. Given the strong link between the gut and the brain, it’s not surprising that researchers are finding that gut dysbiosis may be involved in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Given the strong link between the gut and the brain, it's not surprising that researchers are finding that gut dysbiosis may be involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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THE LINK BETWEEN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND THE GUT

The Alzheimer’s Association reports that 6.7 million Americans (a number expected to almost double by 2050) are currently living with Alzheimer’s, the most common form of dementia. Alzheimer’s is a degenerative brain disease that leads to diminished memory, thinking, and reasoning skills, as well as personality and mood changes. While there may be a genetic component to developing Alzheimer’s, it’s also impacted by lifestyle choices, such as diet (some researchers have even called Alzheimer’s “type 3 diabetes”) and exercise. The body, of course, hosts a complex web of interactions and systems that all influence each other. We’ve noted that the gut impacts so many areas of the body (including mental health) due to its link to the immune system and the gut-brain axis. Furthermore, mental health conditions increase the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer’s. With no cure yet for this type of dementia, scientists are looking at the link between dysbiosis and the onset of Alzheimer’s to determine possible treatment options. One study published in 2021 examined changes in patient’s gut microbiota, as well as the roles and mechanisms of gut pathogens in Alzheimer’s, seeking potential therapies that center around these microbiota. The researchers concluded, “There is no doubt that gut dysbiosis plays a vital role in modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis and actively participates” in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Certain bacteria are believed to be associated with the disease and play a role in affecting brain function; they may foster Alzheimer’s development in a number of ways, including through neuroinflammation, dysregulation of neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress. But the researchers also admitted that additional studies would be needed to learn more about this relationship on the path toward developing methods to prevent or treat the disease. Another 2021 study came to similar conclusions as it looked at the emerging role of gut microbiota when it comes to modulating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, especially as it relates to Alzheimer’s. Noting that dysbiosis can create leaky gut and inflammation within the body, the research team hypothesized that this chain reaction could influence cognitive impairment, thanks to connections between the neural, immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways. Finally, a 2022 study on mice also confirmed that the gut microbiome likely “contributes to pathologies…and that dysbiosis of the human microbiome might be a risk factor” for Alzheimer’s. Though these links point to the potential for future treatments, the study also admitted that exact definitions remain murky. For example, even the term “gut dysbiosis” is a general one, without a precise definition—and, likewise, the concept of a healthy microbiome may vary greatly between humans and other animals, among different individuals, or even within the same individual at different stages.

WILL THE GUT POINT THE WAY TO NEW ALZHEIMER’S TREATMENTS?

In a 2022 study, additional researchers noted a “close relationship between gut microbiota composition…and AD onset, usually derived from neuroinflammation caused by bacteria products or bacterial brain migration,” which is a normal process that occurs in order to help the brain form and develop synapses, as well as to influence mood and cognition. Because nutrition is so important in helping to modulate gut microbiota, the study looked at different diets and their potential impact on Alzheimer’s. For example, a diet rich in polyphenols (antioxidant compounds found in berries, dark chocolate, tea, olive oils, and some herbs and spices) has been associated with a positive influence on microbiota. Other solutions, such as the implementation of vitamin supplements, probiotics, and prebiotics, are still being studied, along with dietary changes, to determine if or how they improve gut health, with the goal of preventing or treating Alzheimer’s. Another study from 2022 that noted a genetic link between gut disorders and Alzheimer’s stumbled upon a related finding—that elevated levels of cholesterol may increase the risk of both. The team of researchers explained that “high cholesterol can transfer into the central nervous system, resulting in abnormal cholesterol metabolism in the brain,” while other evidence suggests that “abnormal blood lipids may be caused or made worse by gut bacteria,” and elevated cholesterol has been associated with “brain degeneration and subsequent cognitive impairment.” This leads to the question of whether lowering too-high cholesterol can lead to more positive outcomes for Alzheimer’s.

ALZHEIMER’S, GUT-BRAIN HEALTH, AND OUR AGING POPULATION

People are living longer now than ever before. Of course, that’s a good thing, driven by medical advancements and technology. But it also places greater importance on taking care of our bodies—especially our brains—from the earliest age possible, so that we can enjoy our later years as much as our youth. Cognitive decline not only interferes with our ability to perform daily life tasks; it affects our relationships and interactions with the world around us and ultimately has the power to completely change us. Many people assume that brain-related decline is just a normal part of life, but it doesn’t have to be. It simply underlines how crucial it is for us to take steps every day toward better brain health. That includes everything from avoiding brain injuries and toxic substances like cigarettes and alcohol to eating a healthy diet. It also means considering early screening—such as neuropsychological testing and brain SPECT imaging—if you have a genetic predisposition for Alzheimer’s or if you’re concerned about your memory. As scientists continue to gather an increasing body of knowledge about the brain-gut axis and its impact on Alzheimer’s, you can start creating your own mechanisms of protection and prevention to encourage better brain outcomes well into your later years. Memory loss, cognitive decline, and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here. If you think Alzheimer’s disease—one of the most dreaded and devastating illnesses—is an untreatable neurological condition, think again. A growing body of research suggests that there may be a link between diet and Alzheimer’s disease. In fact, studies show that consuming certain foods and types of diets are associated with increased risk for Alzheimer’s, while other foods and eating habits can improve brain health and reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. In this blog, we will explore the connection between diet and Alzheimer’s disease and introduce you to 6 foods to avoid and 5 foods to include to enhance brain health and memory. Studies show that consuming certain foods and types of diets are associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer’s, while other foods and eating habits can improve brain health and reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
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WHAT IS ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE?

Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with cognitive decline and memory loss. More than 6 million Americans are currently living with Alzheimer’s, and experts predict that number will increase nearly threefold by 2050. Many people believe Alzheimer’s disease is genetic and that if you have the genes associated with increased risk for Alzheimer’s, you’re doomed to develop the disease. This is not true. Although there is a genetic component to the condition, your lifestyle also plays a role in your level of risk. In fact, emerging research shows that Alzheimer’s is a lifestyle disease, similar to type 2 diabetes or heart disease. This means your every day habits can either increase or decrease your risk of developing the condition whether or not you have a genetic predisposition.

HOW IS DIET LINKED TO ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE?

One of the most important lifestyle factors impacting the risk for Alzheimer’s disease is diet. Eating the wrong foods raises your risk while consuming brain-healthy foods lowers it. Every day, you can make a choice to eat foods that put your memory at risk or that protect it. It’s up to you. Recent studies suggest that our diet may be a key factor in preventing the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. An “Alzheimer’s prevention diet” or “memory diet” may have an impact on the biological mechanisms that underlie Alzheimer’s, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, this type of diet may reduce other risk factors for Alzheimer’s, such as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. Furthermore, research is beginning to focus on the connection between the gut and aging-related processes that are linked to Alzheimer’s. For example, a 2022 study shows that gut dysbiosis has been linked to pathologies seen in Alzheimer’s disease and may be a risk factor for the condition. In contrast, another study published in 2022 found that diets that support the gut microbiota provide protective benefits against the development of Alzheimer’s.

6 FOODS THAT INCREASE THE RISK OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

1. High-fat dairy

To protect your memory, eliminate ice cream, whipped cream, cheese, half and half, butter, and other fat-laden dairy products. High-fat dairy was associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease in a study in the Archives of Neurology.

2. Processed meat

Ditch the hot dogs, salami, and sausages. A 2021 study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that eating just 25 grams of processed meats each day was linked to a 52% increase in the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and a 44% uptick in the risk of developing any form of dementia.

3. High-glycemic foods

Love those pretzels, cookies, or cakes? They don’t love you or your memory! In a study from researchers at the Mayo Clinic, individuals who consumed a diet high in refined carbohydrates—such as foods like breakfast cereal, white bread, pasta, potatoes, and white rice—had a 400 percent increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

4. High-sugar foods

Consuming sugary fares like candy, cupcakes, or sweetened sodas or energy drinks can rob you of your memory. Research in a 2022 issue of Nutritional Neuroscience concluded that excessive intake of sugar significantly increases the risk of Alzheimer’s in older women. Eating just an additional 10 grams of sugar per day (about 2.4 teaspoons) was associated with a 30-40% increased risk for Alzheimer’s.

5. Trans fats

These unhealthy fats can be memory killers. According to a 2019 study in the journal Neurology, people with higher blood levels of trans fats are 52%-74% more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias compared with those who had the lowest levels. Artificial trans fats are banned in the U.S., but they used to be commonly found in fried foods, pie crusts, crackers, margarine, and more. Some foods may still contain trace amounts of these bad fats, so it’s best to avoid ultra-processed foods.

6. Excessive alcohol

Many people drink to celebrate life—weddings, graduations, job promotions—but there’s nothing to celebrate when it comes to the connection between excessive drinking and Alzheimer’s. In fact, one study in The Lancet concluded that heavy drinking is the single biggest modifiable risk factor for all forms of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. This 2019 analysis of over 1 million people reported that heavy alcohol use is also linked to early-onset forms of the disease, which is when the disease affects people before the age of 65.

5 FOODS TO EAT TO HELP PREVENT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

1. Leafy greens

Fuel up on kale, spinach, Swiss chard, mustard greens, collard greens, and more. A 2018 study in Neurology found that consumption of these healthy greens was associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline.

2. Berries

Include blueberries, strawberries, and other berries in your diet. Research in the Annals of Neurology shows that berries high in flavonoids, especially anthocyanidins, enhance cognition and slow the rate of cognitive decline.

3. Fish

Eating fish that is high in omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in the prevention of dementias, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Numerous studies have found that people who eat the most fish have lower risks for cognitive decline compared with those who eat the least amount of fish.

4. Nuts

Want a snack that can help protect your brain? Reach for a few walnuts, macadamia nuts, or almonds. One study found that nuts are part of a healthy diet that can reduce the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease.

5. Extra-virgin olive oil

When you’re looking for salad dressing, sprinkle some extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) on your greens. Researchers from Spain found that consumption of EVOO was associated with improved cognitive function in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. If you want to protect your memory and lower your risk for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, eat a diet that is filled with brain-healthy foods. If you’re having memory issues or have noticed a cognitive decline, get an evaluation to assess your memory and determine the root cause. Brain SPECT imaging is a powerful neuroimaging tool that can help identify brain patterns seen in Alzheimer’s disease. Memory loss and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here. Do you feel confused, unclear, forgetful, fatigued, or have a hard time multitasking? It could be brain fog, which isn’t considered a medical condition but rather a symptom of other issues, such as cognitive dysfunction, which affects about 600 million people worldwide. Brain fog has been in the news recently as it is a common symptom of long COVID, but that’s not the only reason people experience it. Other causes of mental fuzziness aren’t talked about as much but have the same impact on day-to-day life. In this blog, you’ll discover 12 causes of brain fog and 12 brain fog remedies that can help you clear the fog. Brain fog has a variety of causes—obesity, depression, stress, food allergies, hormonal imbalances. Getting to the root cause can help you find solutions and climb out of this state of confusion, haziness, and lack of clarity.
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12 CAUSES OF BRAIN FOG

1. Obesity

It is common knowledge that obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, joint issues, and heart disease. Did you know it can negatively impact your brain health too? Inflammation is a major factor associated with obesity and is directly linked to brain fog. A 2015 study published in Frontiers in Neuroscience reviewed the connection between mast cells, which play a role in how fat is metabolized. This relationship can impact inflammation in the brain, resulting in brain fog. Clear the Fog: Learn to love foods that love you back. Adopt a brain-healthy diet that supports cognition—think fish high in omega-3 fatty acids (salmon), protein for better focus, berries, and nuts.

2. Stress

Life changes, whether exciting or difficult can cause stress, overwhelming the brain and leading to the fuzzy thinking and dullness associated with brain fog. If you’re undergoing intense change or dealing with a traumatic situation, you might struggle with symptoms of brain fog. If the stress you’re under requires you to make important decisions, you might have a harder time doing so. Research shows that chronic stress results in reduced blood flow to the brain, which contributes to brain fog and other adverse symptoms. Clear the Fog: Reduce stress with relaxation techniques like deep breathing and meditation.

3. Untreated depression

Depression is strongly associated with memory loss, which is considered a common brain fog issue. Untreated depression can also result in fatigue, confusion, and an inability to focus—all of which are also linked to brain fog. Because the cognitive effects of depression are so far-reaching, it is imperative to seek help from a mental health professional with a brain health specialty. Clear the fog: Discover which type of depression you have so you can get treatment targeted to your needs.

4. Hormonal imbalances

Brain fog and hormone issues go hand-in-hand. Hormonal causes of brain fog include hypothyroidism, perimenopause/menopause, and abnormal cortisol levels. Brain fog can be so extreme when hormonally related that it’s not uncommon for people to think they have early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and get tested for memory loss. Clear the Fog: Have your healthcare provider check your hormone levels and balance them if necessary.

5. ADD/ADHD

Lack of focus, being easily distracted, and having trouble concentrating are all symptoms of ADD/ADHD that can contribute to brain fog. A study in Frontiers in Psychiatry found that people with ADD/ADHD have higher levels of cytokines, which have an inflammatory effect on the brain. A spike in cytokines can interfere with your working memory, slow your reaction time, and cause brain fog. Clear the Fog: Find out which of the 7 types of ADD/ADHD you have and look for natural solutions to help and take medication if necessary.

6. Food allergies

Your diet can either make you feel focused and sharp or slow and sluggish. A study published in Behavioural Brain Research found a correlation between food allergies and cognitive impairment, including brain fog. More mile food sensitivities and food intolerances can also mess with your brain. The typical American diet is riddled with commonly allergenic foods such as gluten, corn, soy, sugar, dairy, and food additives and dyes. Clear the Fog: Eliminate potential food allergens for 30 days and see if your foggy thinking improves.

7. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) has a host of symptoms involving digestive issues, sore lymph nodes, muscle weakness, food allergies, and irregular heartbeat. Another challenge of the condition is brain fog and overall difficulty with information processing, attention, and working memory. Clear the Fog: Seek treatment for CFS from an integrative or functional medicine physician.

8. Long COVID

According to the World Health Organization, people suffering from long COVID have symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, loss of smell and taste, muscle aches, depression, and anxiety. In a 2022 study, 71 percent of participants reported brain fog as a symptom of long COVID, and it is one of the top three symptoms including fatigue and shortness of breath. Clear the Fog: Get on a brain-healthy program to help combat long COVID and its symptoms.

9. Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease

Mild cognitive impairment (MPI) found in early-onset Alzheimer’s is different from brain fog but might feel similar. Keep in mind the distinction is that dementia symptoms include memory loss that is more profound than the mental cloudiness seen with brain fog, and as Alzheimer’s progresses will interfere dramatically with everyday life. Clear the Fog: Get screened to rule out Alzheimer’s disease if more pronounced memory loss is a factor.

10. Medications

The blood-brain barrier weakens as we age, which can allow medications to seep into the brain. Over-the-counter and prescription medications that can cause brain fog include pain relievers, sleep aids, anti-anxiety drugs such as benzodiazepines, antidepressants, high blood pressure medication, allergy medication, and drugs that lower cholesterol (statins). Clear the Fog: Check your medicine cabinet to see if you are taking anything that may interfere with cognitive function and talk to your doctor about it.

11. Sleep issues

There’s no way around it: we need our sleep. Without it, every aspect of life suffers. The idea that you can “get away with” a few hours of sleep every night or interrupted sleep is just not true. Lack of sleep – even one night – can cause brain fog and a host of other symptoms. Chronic lack of sleep is another source of inflammation that can wreak havoc on cognition. Clear the Fog: Make sleep a priority in your life. Set a sleep schedule and stick with it, even on weekends.

12. Inflammation

The connection between brain inflammation and cognitive dysfunction is found throughout research on brain fog and applies to ADD/ADHD as well as obesity, depression, long COVID, anxiety, food allergies, sleep issues, and other causes listed here. A study conducted in 2021 found that even low levels of chronic neuroinflammation can have an impact on clear thinking and result in chronic brain fog. Clear the Fog: Consider taking anti-inflammatory supplements, such as fish oil, curcumin, and probiotics. Given the wide range of issues that cause brain fog, it’s crucial to seek professional help to find what’s at the root of your problems. Brain fog, memory problems, depression, and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here. Have you missed an important appointment, more than once recently? Do you often misplace items, unable to recall where you left them? Do you frequently search for words that used to come quickly and naturally? These are signs of memory loss. They can be very disconcerting when you experience them firsthand or observe them in another person. If you are worried about symptoms of memory loss—or the development of Alzheimer’s disease in yourself, a friend, or a family member, you’ll be interested to learn of promising new research involving hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).   A study found hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) increased blood flow to the brains of participants experiencing early signs of Alzheimer’s disease by up to 23% and showed 16.5% improvement in cognitive performance and memory.
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For example, one new study revealed dramatic improvements using an HBOT protocol for elderly patients with cognitive decline. Increased cerebral blood flow from HBOT helped to alleviate two of the most recognized biological hallmarks in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. The study’s compelling findings and earlier research suggest that HBOT may provide a way to slow or possibly even reverse this most common form of dementia affecting more than 6 million Americans. Here’s what you need to know about HBOT and Alzheimer’s disease.  

BASICS ABOUT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. It is characterized by changes in memory, cognition, and behavior. Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease, which is rare and accounts for less than 10% of cases, can occur as early as one’s 30s, 40s, 50s, and early 60s. However, for most people with Alzheimer’s, symptoms begin to appear in their mid-60s, which is called late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. It is progressive. Symptoms eventually grow severe enough to interfere with functional daily living. The cause is not entirely clear, but scientists believe it is probably a combination of age-related changes in the brain, along with genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Here’s where it gets interesting—and how lifestyle factors and interventions can make a difference. Changes begin to happen in the brain long before the initial signs of memory loss appear.

WHAT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE DOES TO THE BRAIN

Consider that our brains have roughly 100 billion neurons. Each neuron may be connected to up to 10,000 other neurons, transmitting signals to each other via as many as 1,000 trillion synapses! Healthy neuronal function is essential for thinking, learning, and memory, as well as for sensing the world through vision, hearing, scent, and taste. Of course, a certain amount of brain nerve cells get damaged or destroyed and replaced every day. However, if large numbers of these nerve cells get damaged or die, the brain does not function as well. We may experience memory glitches, personality changes, difficulties carrying out daily activities, and other signs of Alzheimer’s disease. Research points to several biological factors responsible for the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Among them is the buildup of protein fragments called beta-amyloid in the spaces between nerve cells, as well as twisted fibers of another protein called tau within the nerve cells. Research also indicates vascular dementia as a factor. It’s caused by a number of conditions that impede cerebral blood (i.e., heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure, as well as diabetes and obesity).

CAN ALZHEIMER’S BE SLOWED BY INCREASING BLOOD FLOW?

Slowing and preventing Alzheimer’s by increasing cerebral blood flow is an exciting new area of research. Indeed, a 2021 study noted that reductions in cerebral blood flow of 10-20% were a common symptom of Alzheimer’s disease that showed early in the brain disorder’s progression—and suggested increasing blood flow as a method of treatment. Here at Amen Clinics, research has also shown that brain SPECT imaging can identify the abnormally low blood flow pattern of Alzheimer’s disease up to 9 years before Alzheimer’s symptoms begin to present. This is very hopeful in terms of prevention.

HOW HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY MAY HELP IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

While the term hyperbaric oxygen therapy may sound a little daunting, in reality, it is a non-invasive, safe, and easy treatment. An individual lies flat in a comfortable, pressurized chamber and breathes 100% pure oxygen. This allows the lungs to take in up to 3 times more oxygen than with normal breathing, quickly increasing blood flow and delivering more oxygen to the body’s tissues. HBOT has most commonly been used for decompression sickness and to counter carbon monoxide poisoning. It can be very beneficial in speeding wound healing too, as the body requires greater amounts of oxygen to heal damaged tissue. It has also been used effectively in instances of traumatic brain injury, according to research. In terms of slowing or preventing Alzheimer’s disease, it’s HBOT’s effect on cerebral blood flow bringing greater oxygen to the brain that makes the difference. Here at Amen Clinics, before-and-after brain SPECT imaging studies of people who have undergone HBOT show dramatic improvement in cerebral blood flow.

RESEARCH ON HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

In 2019, research was conducted on an Alzheimer’s patient specifically using HBOT. After weeks of undergoing 50-minute HBOT, dramatic improvements were experienced and reported by the patient—specifically, improvements in memory and concentration, sleep, conversation, appetite, ability to use the computer, motor skills, more good days than bad days, resolved anxiety and decreased disorientation and frustration. Additionally, PET imaging showed a 6.5-38% global improvement in brain metabolism (resulting from blood flow delivering more oxygen and glucose to the brain tissue). The researchers suggested HBOT as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. A 2020 study sought to examine the HBOT effects on patients with Alzheimer’s and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The patients were treated with 40 minutes of hyperbaric oxygen for 20 days. Results showed the treatment significantly improved the cognitive function of the patients compared to controls and improved oxygenation to brain tissue. The researchers concluded that HBOT may be a “promising alternative therapy for Alzheimer’s disease and aMCI.” In a 2021 review analysis, researchers analyzed more than 391 clinical and experimental studies published over a 40-year period to examine the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying HBOT and its effectiveness in treating Alzheimer’s disease. They concluded by advocating the use of HBOT for treating Alzheimer’s disease. The most promising research on HBOT and Alzheimer’s (first mentioned above) was conducted at Tel Aviv University and published in the journal Aging late in 2021. Notably, the study sought to address not only the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease but also the core pathology and biology responsible for its development. The first stage of the study, produced on an animal model, proved conclusively through the examination of brain tissues that a specific HBOT protocol boosts vascular function and the creation of new blood vessels, prevents the deposit of new amyloid plaques on the brain cells, and leads to the removal of existing amyloid plaque deposits. In the second phase of the study, HBOT protocol effects were examined in elderly patients (above age 65) suffering from cognitive decline (with particular attention on memory loss)—early indicators of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. Remarkably, the study found hyperbaric oxygen therapy increased blood flow to the brains of study participants by up to an astounding 23%, which helped to alleviate vascular dysfunction and amyloid burden. Additionally, it showed marked improvement in participants’ cognitive performance and memory by 16.5%. This compelling body of research clearly suggests HBOT may be an effective treatment to slow or reverse the drivers of Alzheimer’s disease. It’s no surprise then that more research is currently underway. For example, in 2022, a new clinical trial began to further research the role of vascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation in participants in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and how hyperbaric oxygen therapy can help to slow or reverse the disease progression. Memory loss and other symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and traditional therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here.   Nobody wants to get Alzheimer’s disease. Most of us think of this dreaded condition as something that happens only when a person is elderly, but this is not the case. Alzheimer’s disease can also strike younger people aged 30 to 64. When someone younger than 65 years of age is diagnosed with the condition it is called early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. It may also be called younger-onset Alzheimer’s. Unfortunately, the number of younger people being diagnosed is on the rise.   When someone younger than 65 years of age is diagnosed with the condition it is called early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Unfortunately, the number of younger people being diagnosed is on the rise.
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WHAT IS EARLY-ONSET ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE?

Early-onset, or younger-onset, Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease that affects your memory, thinking, and behavior. It is generally characterized by the same symptoms that appear in late-onset disease, including. Some of the early signs include: As the disease progresses, symptoms typically become more severe, and it eventually interferes with daily life. Signs of advanced disease include: Despite these similarities, there are some differences between early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer’s. A 2019 study shows that early-onset Alzheimer’s is typically more aggressive, has a greater genetic component, is more commonly seen with traumatic brain injuries, has greater delays in diagnosis, and involves less memory impairment but more cognitive issues.

HOW COMMON IS EARLY-ONSET ALZHEIMER’S?

A frightening trend is the younger age at which Alzheimer’s is emerging. A growing number of younger Americans are being diagnosed with either early-onset dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. In 2017, approximately 131,000 individuals aged 30 to 64 received a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia, according to the Blue Cross Blue Shield Health Index. This represents an alarming 200% increase from 2013-2017 in this age group. Other research estimates that 5%-6% of all people with Alzheimer’s disease have the early-onset form. Considering about 6.5 million Americans are living with the condition, this would put the number of those with early-onset Alzheimer’s closer to 325,000-390,000. Women are more likely to be impacted by the condition, with females making up 58% of people with early-onset Alzheimer’s, according to the BCBS Health Index mentioned earlier. And the average age of a person living with either early-onset Alzheimer’s disease or another form of dementia is 49. This is one of the reasons why it is so important to be aware of the early signs of the disease.

GETTING A DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY-ONSET ALZHEIMER’S

Getting an accurate diagnosis is critical. However, since early-onset Alzheimer’s is less common than the late-onset form, is it frequently misdiagnosed, according to research in the International Journal of Psychiatric Medicine. Physicians don’t typically think of Alzheimer’s or other forms of dementia when younger patients complain of forgetfulness, trouble concentrating, or confusion. In some cases, you may be told that your symptoms are related to stress, depression, perimenopause, or menopause. A comprehensive evaluation that includes brain imaging is critically important in getting an accurate diagnosis. SPECT, which measures blood flow and activity in the brain, can help determine if there are changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer’s disease or if another underlying issue may be causing symptoms.

MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES IN EARLY-ONSET ALZHEIMER’S

Getting a diagnosis of early-onset Alzheimer’s can be devastating and is associated with mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, agitation, and trouble sleeping. Depression, in particular, is quite common in Alzheimer’s disease, and some research suggests that it is a risk factor for the condition. In fact, statistics from the BCBS Health Index show that 57% of people diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease filled a prescription for antidepressants in the year prior to their diagnosis. In 40% of cases, people were diagnosed with behavioral or cognitive changes in the 12 months leading up to their diagnosis. Estimates on the rates of depression in Alzheimer’s vary widely. A meta-analysis in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry found that 14.8% of people with Alzheimer’s disease experience major depressive disorder while other statistics estimate that up to 50% of individuals with Alzheimer’s experience symptoms of depression. What is certain is that there is a strong emotional effect on younger people with the disease. A 2022 study in Neurological Sciences concluded that anxiety and depression are typically more severe in early-onset Alzheimer’s. This may be due in part to changes in the brain as well as the psychological toll of being diagnosed at a younger age. Younger people may feel especially stigmatized about their diagnosis or may be ashamed to talk about it. Individuals under the age of 65 who do decide to share their diagnosis with others may find that certain friends, colleagues, or workmates don’t believe them. Or they may downplay the seriousness of the diagnosis, which amplifies emotional distress. If you or a loved one is diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer’s, it’s important to seek professional help for any mental health symptoms that arise. With proper treatment, a person may experience a better quality of life.

HOW TO COPE WITH EARLY-ONSET ALZHEIMER’S

Early-onset Alzheimer’s can impact every area of your life. It is common for people with this form of dementia to experience relationship problems, difficulties, and trouble at home. Educating family members, employers, and others about the disease and your potential limitations can help manage expectations. However, a diagnosis of early-onset Alzheimer’s should be a wake-up call to adopt a brain-healthy lifestyle. By incorporating a memory rescue program including a healthy diet, brain-directed nutraceuticals, and lifestyle changes, you may support memory and see improvements in quality of life. Memory loss, Alzheimer’s disease, and other mental health issues can’t wait. At Amen Clinics, we’re here for you. We offer in-clinic brain scanning and appointments, as well as mental telehealth, clinical evaluations, and therapy for adults, teens, children, and couples. Find out more by speaking to a specialist today at 888-288-9834 or visit our contact page here.